浅谈动物防疫监督中补检和隔离措施的运用

补检是指对未经检疫而进入经营流通环节的动物、动物产品所进行的检疫。具有适用范围广、操作方便、不受时间和空间限制等优点，是一项动物防疫监督中不可缺少的终结措施。动物防疫监督中如果对补检措施运用不当或滥用．会产生一些与动物防疫工作相悖的弊端．在一定程度上会影响正常的防检疫工作秩序。[第一段]     

硫营养对绒山羊的影响

本文着重对硫营养影响绒山羊营养物质利用及绒生长的研究进展加以叙述。     

六种试剂盒提取血液基因组DNA效果比较

为筛选一种高效、快捷的血液基因组DNA提取试剂盒,采集24份新鲜西藏绵羊血液样本,选用6种市售商业化试剂盒（LifeFeng柱式试剂盒DK601和非柱式试剂盒DK602,康为世纪非柱式试剂盒CW0544和柱式试剂盒CW0546,上海生工非柱式试剂盒SK8224和柱式试剂盒SK8254）,比较所提DNA的浓度、纯度、得率以及对嗜吞噬细胞无形体16S rRNA进行巢式PCR扩增,综合评价不同试剂盒DNA提取效果.结果表明,应用LifeFeng柱式试剂盒DK601提取的DNA浓度和纯度均最高,得率较高,分别达到75.63 ng/μL、1.894（OD260/OD280）、18.91 ng/μL;且嗜吞噬细胞无形体16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增条带清晰度最优.因此,LifeFeng DK601可作为提取绵羊血液基因组DNA及嗜吞噬细胞无形体（Anaplasma phagocytophilum）病原鉴定的首选试剂盒.     

Effects of dietary tryptophan and stocking density on the performance,meat quality,and metabolic status of broilers

Background

Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density.

Methods

Female Arbor Acres broilers (25-d-old, n = 144) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m² in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices.

Results

A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain (P < 0.10), and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (P < 0.001). Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma (P < 0.01), reducing drip loss of breast muscle (P < 0.10) and improving feed efficiency (P < 0.10).

Conclusions

An increase in dietary TRP, 1.5-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.     

羊绒与羊毛的PCR-RFLP识别方法

羊绒价格昂贵,在销售中时常出现掺假现象,最常见的是用羊毛,因此精确识别羊绒和羊毛纤维的方法非常重要。本试验采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态（PCR-RFLP）的技术方法,利用提取的羊绒和羊毛线粒体基因组,根据细胞色素b（Cytochrome b）基因已知的DNA序列设计引物,通过内切酶SspⅠ进行酶切,得到不同的片段长度,根据酶切图谱鉴别羊绒和羊毛样品,用来进行羊绒掺假试验的定性检测。     

中西药结合治疗雏鹅病毒性肝炎的试验研究

观察3种方法治疗雏鹅病毒性肝炎的疗效,选出较好的治疗方案,以提高雏鹅病毒性肝炎的治愈率。分别进行人工感染预防及治疗试验和临床治疗试验。在临床治疗试验中选自然发病的莱茵雏鹅共5466只,将患鹅随机分为4组,分别采用保肝散、病毒灵、保肝散加病毒灵治疗,并设空白对照组。结果表明,保肝散配合病毒灵组治疗效果最好,治愈率达96.05%;保肝散组次之,为77.97%;病毒灵组再次,为72.18%;对照组为14.72%。采用保肝散配合病毒灵组治疗雏鹅病毒性肝炎高于其他两种方法,为临床治疗该病提供了确实可行的治疗方法。     

In vitro effects and in vivo efficacy of a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in cats with lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia

OBJECTIVE: To determine cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy of firocoxib (ML-1,785,713) in cats. ANIMALS: 5 healthy male and 14 healthy female domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Selectivity of firocoxib for inhibiting COX-2 was determined by comparing the potency for inhibiting COX-1 with that of COX-2 in feline blood. Pharmacokinetic properties were determined after i.v. (2 mg/kg) and oral (3 mg/kg) administration in male cats. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in female cats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyrexia with administration of firocoxib 1 or 14 hours before LPS challenge. RESULTS: Blood concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro were 75 +/- 2 microM and 0.13 +/- 0.03 microM, respectively, and selectivity for inhibiting COX-2 relative to COX-1 was 58. Firocoxib had moderate to high oral bioavailability (54% to 70%), low plasma clearance (4.7 to 5.8 mL/min/kg), and an elimination half-life of 8.7 to 12.2 hours. Firocoxib at doses from 0.75 to 3 mg/kg was efficacious in attenuating fever when administered to cats 1 or 14 hours before LPS challenge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Firocoxib is a potent COX-2 inhibitor and is the only selective COX-2 inhibitor described for use in cats to date. It is effective in attenuating febrile responses in cats when administered 14 hours before LPS challenge, suggesting it would be suitable for once-a-day dosing. Because selective COX-2 inhibitors have an improved therapeutic index relative to nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in humans, firocoxib has the potential to be a safe, effective anti-inflammatory agent for cats.     

茶黄酮对无角多赛特羊生长和呼吸道疾病的影响

选择平均体重为26．6kg的无角多赛特断奶大羔羊22只．平均体重为49．3kg的无角多赛特育成羊48只，分别分为对照组和试验组，试验组羊只精料补充料中添加300mg／kg的茶黄酮，研究茶黄酮对羊只生长和呼吸道疾病的影响。结果表明，添加茶黄酮可提高羔羊和育成羊的增重效果．和对照组比较羔羊提高增量9．8%（P〉0．05），育成羊提高增重6．1%（P〉0．05）；在饲料中添加茶黄酮可使羔羊呼吸道疾病发病率降低64%，使育成羊呼吸道疾病发病率降低50%，可有效预防羊的呼吸道疾病。     

鹅源新城疫病毒F基因的克隆及其序列分析

鹅新城疫是近年来我国新发现的能感染多种禽类的传染病，国内许多学者在该病的发生、发展规律以及分子病毒学等领域有了较多的研究，现已确定该病毒是禽副粘病毒Ⅰ型即新城疫病毒的一个变种。本实验选择最近分离的2株鹅源新城疫病毒，采用已经发表的鸡新城疫病毒序列设计引物，应用RT—PCR技术扩增鹅源新城疫病毒的F基因，并将其克隆至载体上，然后进行了核苷酸序列测定、进行了系统的分析，并根据遗传距离的远近确定了鹅源新城疫病毒在NDV系统发育进化树中的地位。