Evolution of spatial structure patterns of city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of corporate pledge linkage

The pledge of stock rights is a method for measuring the external horizontal connections of enterprises, which is more suitable to represent the city network compared with the vertical connections of enterprises. Meanwhile, it is greatly significant to express the relationships of regional spaces. The paper characterizes and explores the evolution of urban spatial structure with complex network research methods to enrich the relevant works on city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2017. The results are as follows: First, from 2011 to 2017, the pledge of stock rights among cities was enhanced significantly, and the trend of the city networks' characteristics become strengthened and more complicated. Second, cities in the Yangtze River Delta have relatively high connection values, however, cities in the western area are holding peripheral positions within the city network. Third, due to the advantages of economic agglomeration and radiation, the provincial capital have become the core nodes in the city network. Fourth, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing have dominant positions within city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Particularly, Shanghai, as one of the leading financial centers in China, has a growing influence on other cities and gradually evolved into a regional growth pole city and the first core city.     

Spatio-temporal dynamics of technical efficiency in China’s specialized markets: A stochastic frontier analysis approach

China’s specialized markets as a special form of bottom-up capital agglomeration have played a key role in fostering regional development. It once exhibited positive externalities with high efficiencies. However, given the rapid proliferation of specialized markets and the penetration of E-commerce, their advantages may have shifted and the understanding of this shift is limited. The paper explores the spatio-temporal dynamics of China’s specialized markets in terms of technical efficiency. Based on turnover data from Statistical Yearbooks of China Commodity Exchange Market from 2000 to 2016, technical efficiencies in specialized markets are measured by a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach using panel data. The results show that (a) the technical efficiencies in China’s specialized markets are significantly divergent in space over time; (b) labor input has notable effect on efficiency increase, while capital input has no significant effect; (c) informatization level, cluster size, and degree of market openness are identified to have a positive effect on specialized market’s technical efficiency. This paper argues that specialized markets should be taken seriously in the cluster evolution research. The role of proximity and the bounded links between specialized markets and their local clusters is the key to understanding their changing forms, performances, and trajectories.     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.     

Genetic variation of seedling traits responded to brassinosteroid and gibberellin inhibitors in maize (Zea mays) doubled haploid lines

The purpose of this study was to examine the genotypic variation in maize doubled haploid (DH) lines response to brassinosteroid and gibberellin inhibitors. Plant responses to hormone inhibitors were determined in growth chamber experiments using germination paper for three different seedling treatments: application of propiconazole (Pcz), uniconazole (Ucz) or water (control). Mesocotyl length (ML) was more sensitive to hormone inhibitors, especially to the Ucz treatment, than other seedling traits. ML was significantly correlated with other traits in the Ucz treatment. All the seedling traits showed moderate-to-high broad sense heritability values, ranging from 0.39 to 0.82. The Euclidian genetic distances of inbred line pairs ranged from 1.27 to 19.94, indicating there was a high level of variability across the maize DH lines used in this study. DH lines with extreme MLs were identified, which can provide valuable breeding resources for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and for further genetic studies.     

高山杜鹃成都平原越夏生长研究

为加强对高山杜鹃的引种栽培,筛选出适合成都平原栽植的高山杜鹃品种,对引进的11个品种高山杜鹃的整株生长指标（冠幅、株高、地径、分蘖能力）、枝条生长指标（分枝数、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数）、叶片生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度）、夏稍长度以及热害指数进行评估。结果表明,引进的11个品种高山杜鹃均能在一定程度上适应成都平原越夏生长,其中‘王妃’的综合表现最好,尤其是其冠幅、株高、地径、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、叶长、叶宽,在引种2个月后的增幅分别达到了131.43%、155.07%、53.79%、103.65%、26.66%、21.51%、27.34%;‘喜悦’的热害指数最低,几乎不受害。此外,‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’也表现不俗。因此,引进高山杜鹃品种‘王妃’、‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’、‘喜悦’适应成都平原的越夏生长,可进一步推广栽植。     

基于循环残差注意力的群养生猪实例分割

目的 在群养环境下,实现生猪粘连、杂物遮挡等不同条件下生猪个体的高精度分割。方法 对真实养殖场景下的8栏日龄20~105 d共45头群养生猪进行研究,以移动相机拍摄图像为数据源,并执行改变亮度、加入高斯噪声等数据增强操作获取标注图片3 834张。探究基于2个骨干网络ResNet50、ResNet101与2个任务网络Mask R-CNN、Cascade mask R-CNN交叉结合的多种模型,并将循环残差注意力(RRA)思想引入2个任务网络模型中,在不显著增加计算量的前提下提升模型特征提取能力、提高分割精度。结果 选用Mask R-CNN-ResNet50比Cascade mask R-CNN-ResNet50在AP_0.5、AP_0.75、AP_0.5-0.95和AP_{0.5-0.95-large}指标上分别提升4.3%、3.5%、2.2%和2.2%;加入不同数量的RRA模块以探究其对各个任务模型预测性能影响,试验表明加入2个RRA模块后对各个任务模型的提升效果最为明显。结论 加入2个RRA模块的Mask R-CNN-ResNet50模型可以更精确、有效地对不同场景群养生猪进行分割,为后续生猪身份识别与行为分析提供模型支撑。     

我国玉米生产现状及发展变革

近年来,随着农业供给侧结构性改革的实施,玉米价格回落,玉米生产出现了高生产、高库存、效益低、卖粮难等突出问题,农民种植积极性受挫,玉米生产面临变革。未来玉米产业如何定位、如何发展,种植面积调减只是第一步,更为重要的是对玉米生产各环节的优化和升级。通过梳理我国当前玉米生产、消费和需求现状,从农业种植结构、劳动力结构变化、生产经营方式、品种创新、质量安全、生产潜力提高等方面进行了分析研究,提出了优化产业结构、稳定玉米生产,适应劳动力变化、加快土地集中耕种、提高种植效益,加快玉米品种原始创新、培育多元优质高效型品种,多措并举、提高玉米安全质量,种养结合、培肥地力、持续提高玉米生产潜力等具体措施。最终实现多元、优质、高产、高效及生态、智慧、可持续的玉米生产现代化。     

基于WebGIS 的家庭农场名录系统设计与实现

【目的】家庭农场基础数据不准、更新不及时、信息不对称、失真等问题阻碍了家庭 农场的健康发展,建立家庭农场精准管理体系,实施精准化、信息化管理服务意义重大。 【方法】文章根据新形势下家庭农场管理服务的需求,基于空间地理信息、移动互联网、大 数据等现代信息技术,构建了B/S 结构的农场名录系统。【结果】该系统实现名录建设、跟 踪监测、示范评定的数字化、网络化,提升了查询、统计、监管等工作效率,并为农场经营 者开展生产经营活动提供相关支持服务。【结论】该系统已面向全国各级农业农村部门和家 庭农场经营者试运行,实现了家庭农场名录的信息采集、审核认定、统计分析等,为了解家 庭农场现状、制定相关政策提供了较好的支撑。