猪圆环病毒与胸膜肺炎放线杆菌混合感染的诊治

2019年3月,大庆某规模化猪场个别猪出现发育不良、咳喘、消瘦、皮肤苍白和呼吸困难等症状,随后出现死亡。为明确发病原因,降低损失,对送检病死猪进行临床症状观察、剖检及实验室检测,并对病原菌进行药物敏感性试验。检测结果为致病性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒混合感染所致,分离的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对阿莫西林和头孢唑高度敏感。本研究为养殖场饲养猪的死亡病因分析和防治提供了参考。     

Protection of pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2

Post-weaning multisystemic wating syndrome (PMWS) associated with PCV2 was one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. In order to develop a vaccine to control this disease, we previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid of PCV2. Here, we examined the protection of swine against PMWS by the recombinant adenovirus. Eighteen 32-day-old pigs were assigned to three groups each with six. Group 1 was vaccinated subcutaneously with rAd-Cap and boosted 2 weeks later. Thirty-seven days after first vaccination, Groups 1 and 2 were oronasally challenged with virulent PCV2 isolate, 4 and 7 days later, intramuscularly exposed to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Group 3 remained unchallenged but with KLH. The results showed that high level of PCV2-specific ELISA antibody and neutralizing antibody could be induced at 37 days after first vaccination. After challenge, pigs in vaccinated group had no clearly clinical signs, although some of them had increased rectal temperatures (>/=40 degrees C) for short time. The pyrexic phase in vaccinated group was significantly lighter than that in challenge-control group (P<0.05). The relative daily weight gain in vaccinated-challenged group was similar to that in empty control group. But it was significantly high compared to the challenge-control group (P<0.05). Mean while the pathological lesions and virema presented in vaccinated group were milder than those in control group. It indicated that the recombinant adenovirus was able to confer significant protection against clinical disease and reduce pathogenic lesions induced by PCV2 challenge, even though it could not provide complete virological protection. The recombinant adenovirus might be an attractive candidate vaccine for preventing the disease associated with PCV2 infection.     

青海东部农业干旱区不同播种方式对紫花苜蓿农艺性状和生产性能的影响

为筛选紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)在青海东部农业干旱区适宜的播种方法,选用陇东苜蓿、WL343和金皇后3个品种,采用撒播、条播和精量穴播进行二因素随机区组试验.结果表明:1)3个品种间越冬率差异极显著(P＜0.01),WL343越冬率达到78.74％,比陇东苜蓿和金皇后分别高7.86％和13.16％;但3种播种方式间越冬率差异不显著(P＞005).2)2龄WL343的株高、生长速度和茎叶比与金皇后和陇东苜蓿相比较差异均显著(P ＜ 0.05),其单株分枝数与金皇后间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但与陇东苜蓿间差异显著(P＜0.05);精量穴播处理下苜蓿株高极显著高于条播和撒播处理,单株分枝数与条播无明显差异,与撒播差异明显,茎叶比极显著低于撒播和条播.3)2龄WL343鲜草产量与金皇后相比差异不显著,较陇东苜蓿显著提高了10.57％;精量穴播平均鲜草产量与撒播间差异显著;WL343 ×精量穴播平均鲜草产量达到39.86 t·hm-2,高于其他品种×播种方式的饲草产量.4)WL343粗蛋白含量(19.20％)较金皇后和陇东苜蓿分别高出2.65％和6.12％,粗纤维含量分别低20.41％和7.83％,无氮浸出物比金皇后高出17.23％.综合以上农艺性状和生产性能分析,在青海东部农业干旱区,采用精量穴播种植方式,选取WL343紫花苜蓿品种,其在第2年表现出高的生产性能和饲草品质.     

鲈鱼与养生

在广泛文献检索基础上,对鲈鱼的种属、营养成分、养生价值、代表性膳食及食用注意事项进行了概述,以期为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

螟黄赤眼蜂繁蜂质量监测与评价

对以柞蚕卵为中间寄主的螟黄赤眼蜂的繁蜂质量进行了监测和评价。结果表明，随着繁蜂代数的增加，螟黄赤眼蜂子代蜂的繁殖能力明显下降。在柞蚕卵上连续繁殖25代后，其寄生率、单卵蜂量和羽化率分别下降44．08％、45．00％和65．72％，子代蜂寄生率和单卵蜂量平均每代衰减为2．0％，而羽化率下降3．0％。其发育历期延长72h。子代蜂性比（雌：雄）下降幅度不大，在8．25～9．59：1。     

Insecticidal compounds from the essential oil of Chinese medicinal herb Atractylodes chinensis

BACKGROUND: In a screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs, the essential oil of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz was found to possess strong insecticidal activity against the common vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster L. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and its constituents were determined by GC‐MS analysis. RESULTS: The main components of A. chinensis essential oil were β‐eudesmol (21.05%), β‐selinene (11.75%), γ‐elemene (7.16%) and isopetasam (5.36%). Bioactivity‐directed chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of five compounds, namely atractylon, α‐elemol, β‐eudesmol, hinesol and β‐selinene. β‐Selinene, α‐elemol and hinesol showed pronounced contact toxicity against D. melanogaster adults, with LD₅₀ values of 0.55, 0.65 and 0.71 µg adult^?1 respectively. Atractylon and β‐eudesmol were also toxic to the fruit flies (LD₅₀ = 1.63 and 2.65 µg adult^?1 respectively), while the crude oil had an LD₅₀ value of 2.44 µg adult^?1. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the essential oil of Atractylodes chinensis and its active constituents may be explored as natural potential insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

植保工作发展刍议

党的十五届五中全会关于“十五”时期经济和社会发展的奋斗目标，又一次明确指出了我国农业在新时期的发展方向和重点任务。农业种植业将以优化品种、提高质量、增加效益为中心，大力调整农产品结构为重点，推进农业在提高整体素质和效益的基础上持续、稳定发展。为农业种植业发展保驾护航的植物保护事业将面临着前所未有的挑战、机遇和广阔的发展前景。１挑战１．１农业结构调整的挑战当前正在进行着的农业结构调整，有别于历次调整，是一次以质量、效益为中心的战略性调整，在种植业区域布局、作物结构、品种和品质结构各方面进行的重大变…     

苹果赤衣病的研究

 本文是1972~1979年调查研究苹果赤衣病的总结。     

农三师猪弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

弓形虫病是龚第弓形虫引起的一种人和多种动物共患寄生虫病。本实验通过酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验对采自农三师辖区8个团场的不同养殖规模猪场的900份猪血清进行弓形虫病的抗体检测,结果表明猪弓形虫病在我师呈散发性流行。样品阳性率平均为36.33%,各辖区之间的抗体阳性率有一定差异,最高为49.16%,最低为21.33%。初步掌握我师猪弓形虫病的感染状况,为基层的防治工作提供技术指导。     

乏情后备母猪应用氯前列烯醇钠催情的研究

为进一步验证氯前列烯醇对乏情后备母猪催情的效果,研究选择山东省威海市某规模化种猪养殖场,按照随机原则选择了120头日龄大于240 d、无任何发情记录的二元杂交母猪,将其划分为试验组与对照组,试验组使用氯前列烯醇及对其进行催情处理,对照组不使用任何药物处理,使母猪自然发情,研究结果显示,试验组60头乏情后备母猪经氯前列烯醇钠催情处理后,发情43头,发情率为71.67%;成功受胎36头,受胎率为83.72%;分娩33头,分娩率为91.67%;窝产仔总数15头,平均出生重1.26 kg。对照组母猪发情13头,发情率为21.67%;成功受胎6头,受胎率为46.15%;分娩4头,分娩率为66.67%;窝产仔总数12头,平均出生重1.12 kg。通过使用氯前列烯醇钠对乏情后备母猪进行处理,能很好地促进母猪发情,对提高养殖场繁殖效率有很大帮助,在今后临床中值得进一步推广应用。