尺蛾在荔枝园的发生特点及防控策略

尺蛾是近年来危害荔枝枝梢的一类重要害虫。其种类主要有粗胫翠尺蛾(Thalassodes immissaria Walker)、间三叶尺蛾(Sauris interruptaria Moore)、青尺蛾(Anisozyga sp.)、油桐尺蛾(Buzura suppressaria Guenée)和绿额翠尺蛾(Pelagodes proquadraria Inoue)等。该类害虫1年多代,其中油桐尺蛾1年3~4代,其它4种尺蛾1年7~8代,四季均有发生,以幼虫大量取食新梢嫩叶、花穗及幼果,以夏秋梢受害最重,大发生时可将整株树的嫩梢嫩叶吃光,对荔枝生产威胁很大。笔者总结了荔枝主要尺蛾的分布与危害、形态特征差异、生活习性以及发生规律和防控策略,并提出了一些研究设想和建议。     

静电场对三角梅插穗生根及几种生理生化指标的影响

在三角梅种苗智能化快繁中,设置0、30、60、90 kV/cm四种静电场处理,探讨对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:三角梅插穗生根期间,在0～60 kV/cm静电场范围内插穗的成活率、根系活力、根鲜重、可溶性糖含量、POD酶活性随着电场强度的增强而提高,其中在不定根诱导期插穗的吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性也随着电场强度的增强而提高。90 kV/cm静电场处理插穗的成活率、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、POD酶活性、吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性反而下降;30～90 kV/cm静电场处理插穗的可溶性蛋白含量均高于对照,且随着电场强度的增强而增加。方差分析表明,60 kV/cm静电场处理生物学效应好,其成活率、根系活力、根鲜重均显著高于对照,是三角梅插穗生根的最佳静电场处理;90 kV/cm电场处理不利于三角梅插穗生根及生理生化代谢,说明了静电场对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化的影响存在着电场极限。     

西昌地区石榴叶霉病的病原鉴定

本文报道了四川西昌市发生的石榴叶霉病的症状及病原鉴定结果。叶霉病发生在石榴生长后期,一般危害石榴老叶,表现为黑褐色病斑,造成石榴提早落叶。病原分离采用组织分离法,通过分生孢子悬浮液接种,用柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行验证。显微镜下观察菌丝形态及产孢结构,测量孢子大小,根据形态特征鉴定为极细枝孢（Cladosporium tenuissimum Cooke）。     

用酵母双杂交筛选与南瓜蚜传黄化病毒MP互作的寄主因子

植物病毒编码的移动蛋白(movement protein,MP)介导病毒在寄主体内的移动,研究其与寄主间的分子互作有助于揭示病毒侵染过程中的分子机制。将南瓜蚜传黄化病毒Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus(CABYV)MP基因定向克隆到含有DNA结合功能域(DNA-binding domain,BD)载体上,并构建与激活功能域(activation domain,AD)融合表达的西瓜茎叶cDNA文库,然后用MP为诱饵筛选文库寻找与其互作的寄主因子。结果表明,诱饵质粒插入的MP基因可读框和氨基酸序列均正确,对酵母菌株AH109和Y187没有自主激活能力;文库滴度为2.94×106CFU/mL,且大多数插入片段在700bp以上,质量符合筛选要求;经过筛选和共转化回转验证,有48个候选阳性克隆与MP在酵母中互作。测序得到这些克隆的cDNA序列,BLAST分析结果表明,这些克隆共编码12种蛋白。     

传染性支气管炎病毒的鉴定

试验采用鸡胚接种和气管环培养相结合的方法,对IBV毒株进行培养鉴定,IBV经鸡胚传一代后再上鸡胚气管环培养可引起气管环纤毛运动停止,应用此法可以快速地进行IBV检测。     

拮抗香蕉枯萎病镰刀菌木霉菌株的分离筛选

香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型引起的,目前尚缺乏有效的防治方法,木霉菌是重要的植物病害防治菌,广泛分布于自然界。木霉菌具有广泛的适应性,能杀伤多种重要的植物病原菌且作用机制多种多样。笔者从广东湛江、海南儋州等地152份土样中分离出330株木霉,通过对峙法对木霉菌进行体外拮抗作用测定及评价,选出10株对尖孢镰刀菌有较好拮抗效果的木霉菌;并测定无菌土中木霉与病原菌的种群动态变化,结果表明木霉在土壤中对病原菌有一定的抑制作用。     

抗体夹心BGT-ELISA方法的建立及在转基因白桦中的应用

以蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt-toxinC肽融合蛋白基因(bgt基因)的表达产物的定量分析为研究目标,采用原核表达及纯化出融合蛋白His-BGT作为抗原进行兔免疫,得到相应的抗血清,采用ELISA法检测效价在1:10000以上,并对抗血清进行了免疫亲和层析,获得了高纯度的IgG,Westernblot检测具有较好的特异性。采用过碘酸钠法将抗体标记辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),得到第二抗体即酶标抗体,标记率在85%以上。建立起检测BGT杀虫蛋白的快速、灵敏的方法。应用该检测方法,分析了不同转基因白桦(BetulaplatyphyllaSuk.)株系中BGT蛋白含量占叶片可溶性总蛋白含量的0.05%～0.3%,并利用Westernblot验证了此方法是可靠的。说明抗体夹心BGT-ELISA方法能够定量分析转基因植株中BGT蛋白的含量,为转bgt基因植物的检测和应用奠定了基础。     

Stabilization Properties of Aged refuse in Semi aerobic and Anaerobic Landfills

The stabilization properties of aged refuse in five year old semi aerobic and anaerobic landfills were compared, such as volatile solid (VS), total organic carbon content (TOC), humic matters, and so on. It was found that VS and TOC content in aged refuse were obviously lower than those in fresh refuse after five years disposal. However, the VS and TOC content of aged refuse in semi aerobic landfill were slightly lower than anaerobic ones, whilst the difference was not significant. Surface settlements of semi aerobic landfills were higher than that of anaerobic ones (P<0.05). Moreover, there was negative correlation between VS content and surface settlements. Both leachate and water recycling methods did not lead to significant VS content difference, while leachate recycling would cause obviously uneven surface settlement. Biological degradable materials (BDM) value of aged refuse in semi aerobic landfill and anaerobic one was similar. Furthermore, BDM value increased with the increase of air pipe distance and depth. The greater the air pipe distance is, the bigger the difference of BDM value between the layers is. In addition, total extraction ratios of humic matters and HA/FA in semi aerobic and anaerobic landfill aged refuse had no significant differences.     

Design method of generatingDICOM Image in the high frequency X ray machine

DICOM3.0 standard is complex and rich in contents. Aiming at the difficulty of software design, a programming method of generating DICOM image file in the high frequency X ray machine is proposed. The data structure of DICOM file is analyzed, and then the programming method of generating DICOM image files is introduced in detail. For the proposed method, a template array of the data structure is constructed to save the eigenvalues, transfer syntax, pixel data and so on of the image. All kinds of the data are stored in the DICOM file successively. The programming method can not only transform a BMP file into a DICOM file, but also transform a JPEG file into a DICOM file. It strictly follows DICOM 3.0 protocol. The generated DICOM files can be displayed with the DICOM file browsing software ezDICOM. The programming design was based on VC++6.0.     

高活性苎麻脱胶菌的选育

苎麻生物法脱胶是一种绿色环保的脱胶方法,具有脱胶质量稳定和不损伤纤维的特点。为了选育稳定、高活性苎麻脱胶菌,以透明圈法和摇瓶发酵法从土壤中分离初筛得到的微生物脱胶菌株(15号)作为出发菌株,采用紫外和亚硝酸复合诱变处理,以青霉素抗性为标记,对大量初筛得到的突变株进行筛选,最终选育得到4株高活性苎麻脱胶菌株。与出发菌株相比,其中U-4使木聚糖酶活提高了15.81%,果胶酶活提高了6.49%,纤维素酶活降低了37.45%,残胶率降低了16.89%。