PR10的结构、信号转导以及功能的研究进展

PR10蛋白是植物在受到各类生物和非生物胁迫后产生的一种病程相关蛋白(Pathogenesis related proteins, PRs)。本文首先回顾和总结了PRs以及PR10近年来的研究进展。主要介绍了PR10蛋白的序列和结构特征,并结合国内外的研究成果总结了PR10的信号转导途径;分析了PR10蛋白在不同方面的功能,比如具有核酸酶活性,抵抗病原微生物等生物与非生物胁迫,以及与宿主细胞程序化死亡密切相关等方面,最后提出了PR10在目前研究中依然存在的问题及对未来的展望,所以研究该抗病基因的功能和作用机制对于今后在改良农作物的品质,提高作物产量方面具有重要的意义。     

极端干旱地区滴灌条件下葡萄生长发育特征

不同滴灌布设方式下,土壤含水率不尽相同,作物的长势和产量也因此受到影响。为探究滴灌管道布置方式和系统技术参数对葡萄植株生长发育特性和产量的影响,并优选出适合吐哈盆地的葡萄滴灌技术参数,该文对不同滴灌技术下土壤含水率以及成熟期葡萄植株生理指标进行观测和分析,结果表明：地面滴灌3管布置、滴头流量2.7 L/h、滴头间距30 cm的处理达到了最优效果,该处理下的土壤含水率、葡萄水分生理指标和产量均处于较高水平。     

植物细胞全能性理论在中国的研究与实践

自1902年德国科学家Haberlandt提出“植物细胞全能性”的概念以来,无数中国学者对这一理论进行了大量的实验,从不同方面和层次对其进行验证和探索,取得了诸多有实践和理论意义的成果,丰富和充实了植物细胞全能性的理论。同时,基于该理论而发展起来的植物细胞离体培养技术在各方面也取得了可喜的成就。本文就植物细胞全能性基础理论方面的研究以及在生产实践中的应用作了比较系统的总结。     

西藏牦牛大肠埃希氏菌生物学特性的研究

本文对西藏牦牛大肠埃希氏菌进行培养特性、形态染色、鞭毛检查、血凝性、生化试验、血清型鉴定、抗原性、致病性等生物学特性研究,同时用大肠埃希氏菌标准菌种C83907做对照试验.结果表明,西藏牦牛大肠埃希氏菌在普通琼脂平板上可形成光滑型和粗糙型两种类型的菌落,在5%绵羊鲜血琼脂平板上无溶血现象;具有运动性,对家兔红细胞表现出强凝集,而对牦牛、绵羊、马、鸡、猪、鸭的红细胞不凝集,能发酵大多数糖类;其0抗原血清型为026、0142、0148和0158混合型;牦牛大肠埃希氏菌的培养物对家兔具有致病性,用牦牛大肠埃希氏菌油乳剂疫苗2次免疫家兔14 d后检测抗体效价,抗体效价≥2<8>.     

桑园病虫害的综合防治技术综论

桑园病虫害的发生及发展状况直接影响桑叶的产量及品质,进而影响到以之作为食物源的家蚕的生长发育、养蚕及制种成绩。因此,桑园病虫害的防治问题值得重视。从现有的桑园病虫害防治技术体系来看,单一的防治方式已经达不到改良和恢复自然昆虫动态平衡的目的了,必须将目前常用的化学防治方法与其它方法结合起来,交替进行,进行综合防治。     

建始县森林资源特点与发展建议

以建始县2019年第五次森林资源普查成果为主要依据,阐述了建始县森林资源的现状,提炼和总结了全县森林资源的特点,并针对目前全县森林资源保护发展中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了加强森林资源保护、林业产业发展等方面的对策及建议,旨在为全县森林资源高质量发展提供参考依据。     

Effects of chromium stress on the subcellular distribution and chemical form of Ca,Mg, Fe,and Zn in two rice genotypes

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study effects of chromium (Cr) stress on the subcellular distribution and chemical form of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in two rice genotypes differing in Cr accumulation. The results showed that Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn ions were mainly located in cell walls and vacuoles in roots. However, large amounts of metal ions were transferred from the vacuole to the nucleus and to other functional organelles in shoots. Chromium concentrations in the nutrient solution of 50 μM and above significantly decreased Ca concentrations in the chloroplast/trophoplast, the nucleus, and in mitochondria. It further increased Mg concentrations in the nucleus and in mitochondria, as well as Zn and Fe concentrations in the chloroplast/trophoplast. These Cr‐induced changes in ion concentrations were associated with a significant reduction in plant biomass. It is suggested that Cr stress interferes with the functions of mineral nutrients in rice plants, thus causing a serious inhibition of plant growth. The chemical forms of the four nutrients were determined by successive extraction. Except for Ca, which was mainly chelated with insoluble phosphate and oxalic acid, Mg, Zn, and Fe were extractable by 80% ethanol, d‐H₂O, and 1μM NaCl. The results indicated that these low–molecular weight compounds, such as organic acids and amino acids, may play an important role in deposition and translocation of Mg, Zn, and Fe in the xylem system of rice plants.     

Availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aging soils

Purpose  

The soil contamination by hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), poses great threats to human health and ecological security and attracts worldwide concerns. The total HOC concentrations overestimate its available fraction to the soil biota. Increased understanding of the availabilities of PAHs in soil environment will have considerable benefits for their risk assessment and be very instructive to food safety and remediation strategies in contaminated sites. However, the availability of PAHs in aging soils and particularly the correlations of the availabilities with their forms in soils have yet to be elucidated. In this work, the availabilities of PAHs in aging soils were evaluated using a sequential mild extraction technique.     

玉米芯厌氧消化产气试验研究

以玉米芯为原料,采用常温批量沼气发酵工艺,对其产气量与原料降解率进行研究,并对发酵过程料液中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素进行了对比性分析。结果表明:其启动时间较长,原料难以直接厌氧消化,发酵过程主要以利用纤维素为主,半纤维素利用率较低,木质素则基本上不能利用。     

Effects of water temperatures and dietary protein levels on growth,body composition and blood biochemistry of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water temperature (WT) and dietary protein levels on growth, body composition and blood biochemistry of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; initial average body weight: 38.75 ± 0.61g, n = 20). The fish were fed with six diets contained graded levels of protein (209.6, 251.0, 302.4, 354.3, 401.9 and 456.8 g/kg) and raised in each of WT (22°C, 28°C and 34°C) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency were significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level and followed by the latter platform at each WT. The fish raised at 28 and 34°C showed similar growth performance, and their values were significantly higher than the fish raised at 22°C (p < 0.05). The lipid contents in whole body were decreases with the increase of dietary protein level at each WT. However, the whole‐body protein, ash and moisture contents were not affected by dietary protein level or WT (p > 0.05). The values of serum biochemical indices (ALP, ALT, AST and TCHO) were all decreased with the increase of dietary protein. The optimal dietary protein requirement for GIFT tilapia to achieve maximal growth performance is 374.4, 301.7 and 304.9 g protein/kg diet at 22, 28 and 34°C, respectively.