Polyacrylic acid-grafted magnetite nanoparticles for remediation of Pb(II)-contained water

Toxic Pb(II) contaminants in water pose a significant threat to the environment and public health, and thus technologies for Pb(II) remediation are attracting increasing industrial interests. In the present work, polyacrylic acid, offering abundant carboxyl groups capable of coordination with Pb(II) cations, was grafted from the magnetite nanoparticle surface via the bridging function of silane coupling agent for remediation of Pb(II)-contained water. Multiple techniques were employed to characterize the structure of the nanocomposite, and the effects of nanoadsorbent dose, pH value, and temperature on Pb(II) removal capability of the nanocomposite were investigated, respectively. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics and isotherms studies were performed for better understanding the mechanism by which Pb(II) cations were adsorbed. Finally, the feasibility of regenerating the exhausted nanoadsorbent by simply changing pH value was explored. According to these results, we intend to offer an efficient, separable, and reusable magnetic nanoadsorbent that may be a potential candidate for remediating Pb(II) contamination in water.     

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of AMPK α subunit isoform genes from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis> responding to salinity stress

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved and multi-functional protein kinase that plays important roles in both intracellular energy balance and cellular stress response. In the present study, molecular characterization, tissue distribution and gene expression levels of the AMPK α1 and α2 genes from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under salinity stress are described. The complete coding regions of the AMPK α1 and α2 genes were isolated from turbot through degenerate primers in combination with RACE using muscle cDNA. The complete coding regions of AMPK α1 (1722 bp) and α2 (1674 bp) encoded 573 and 557 amino acids peptides, respectively. Multiple alignments, structural analysis and phylogenetic tree construction indicated that S. maximus AMPK α1 and α2 shared a high amino acid identity with other species, especially fish. AMPK α1 and α2 genes could be detected in all tested tissues, indicating that they are constitutively expressed. Salinity challenges significantly altered the gene expression levels of AMPK α1 and α2 mRNA in a salinity- and time-dependent manners in S. maximus gill tissues, suggesting that AMPK α1 and α2 played important roles in mediating the salinity stress in S. maximus. The expression levels of AMPK α1 and α2 mRNA were a positive correlation with gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activities. These findings will aid our understanding of the molecular mechanism of juvenile turbot in response to environmental salinity changes.     

miR-210-5p对南极独角雪冰鱼心脏发育的作用机制研究

microRNA为短链非编码RNA,通过与靶基因3'UTR序列互补在转录后水平发挥作用。已有研究表明,microRNA在心脏发育过程中起着重要的调控作用。南极冰鱼因体内缺乏功能性血红细胞,其心脏出现了补偿性增生。前期的研究提示,独角雪冰鱼心脏中特异表达的microRNAs可能与冰鱼心脏的补偿性增生相关。本研究针对南极冰鱼心脏中高表达的miR-210-5p,运用斑马鱼显微注射、靶基因预测等手段研究了miR-210-5p对心脏发育的作用机制。结果表明:斑马鱼胚胎注射miR-210-5p后,出现心包膜水肿,心脏发育畸形等现象。qRT-PCR分析显示,过表达miR-210-5p的斑马鱼胚胎中,心脏发育相关的标志性基因bmp4、smad1、gata6以及tbx2b的表达水平下调。Western blotting分析发现,bmp/smad通路中的BMP2、BMP4、SMAD1、GATA6以及TBX2B的蛋白表达水平也显著下调。通过对tbx20基因3'UTR的靶基因生物信息学预测,以及对其进行GFP荧光表达分析,发现tbx20基因可能是miR-210-5p的一个靶基因。由此推测,miR-210-5p可能通过抑制tbx20基因的表达,并调控bmp/smad通路以抑制冰鱼心脏发育。     

小波变换理论在数字农业领域应用研究

本文就当前数字农业在图像分析与处理方面中存在问题进行详细的剖析;而后通过小波变换时频局域局部性、连续小波变换、二进离散小波变换等理论研究与数学建模进行实例验证;表明通过小波变换后的图像在边缘检测、影像分析与处理、像素与质量有明显改善,同时能一定程度上消除噪声干扰对图像产生的畸变与误差。这将对保持图像原有信息具有重要作用。     

饲喂硬脂酸和癸酸对工蜂合成10-HDA的影响

为探讨硬脂酸和癸酸对工蜂合成10-HDA及其生物合成相关酶基因表达的影响,在工蜂基础日粮中添加不同质量分数的硬脂酸和癸酸,采用高效液相色谱法和半定量RT-PCR技术测定不同日龄段工蜂上颚腺10-HDA的合成量和相关酶基因的表达量。结果显示,工蜂日粮中添加不同质量分数的硬脂酸和癸酸可在一定程度上提高工蜂上颚腺10-HDA的产量,在工蜂5、10、15日龄时,w=5%硬脂酸组和w=1%癸酸组10-HDA的合成量均显著高于空白组(P0.05),且全期10-HDA产量的平均值分别较空白组提高11.82%和13.37%。另外,w=5%硬脂酸组和w=1%癸酸组能使工蜂上颚腺10-HDA的分泌高峰提前,由原来的20日龄分别提前至15日龄和10日龄。同时,添加硬脂酸和癸酸后,工蜂在15日龄前的ETF-β和KAT基因表达量均增加。表明,硬脂酸和癸酸可影响工蜂10-HDA生物合成相关酶基因的表达,促进工蜂上颚腺合成10-HDA,在短时间内提高10-HDA的产量。     

制冷工况下水平埋管换热器运行试验研究

通过夏季工况的地源热泵运行试验,对运行过程中水平埋管的换热性能参数、试验场地周围气象因素和换热过程中土体的温湿度变化等因素进行实时监测,探讨了地源热泵运行过程中水平埋管换热器热交换性能及其周围土壤的温、湿度场变化规律。研究结果表明,地源热泵间隙运行有利于土壤温度场的恢复,随着停机时间的增加,水平埋管与周围土壤的热交换能力明显提高;气候变化对水平埋管周围土壤的温度场分布具有显著影响,随着埋深的递减,土壤温度受气候变化的影响越明显;水平埋管周围土壤温度的变化幅度随着与埋管距离的增加呈递减趋势,其影响半径为1.0m左右;热交换对水平埋管周围土壤湿度场的影响不明显,但大气降雨引起的地表水入渗对土壤湿度场的分布具有显著影响。     

GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能对比试验研究

剪力连接件是保证GFRP混凝土组合梁/板中两种不同材料共同工作的重要构造,设计了矩形肋和T形肋两类GFRP肋式剪力连接件,进行了3组共8个GFRP肋式剪力连接件的推出试验,包括：矩形肋开孔、T形肋开孔、T形肋不开孔3组GFRP肋式剪力连接件,得到了其破坏形态、极限承载力、荷载滑移曲线及荷载应变变化规律,重点研究肋内开孔及肋的截面形式对GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能的影响。试验结果表明：GFRP肋式剪力连接件的破坏形态均为混凝土劈裂破坏;对比矩形肋开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度高、延性好;对比T形肋不开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度与延性均能提高。基于试验结果,建立了考虑肋内开孔及肋截面形式影响的GFRP肋式剪力连接件极限承载力计算公式,拟合得到了GFRP肋式剪力连接件的荷载滑移曲线上升段的理论模型,建立了其抗剪刚度计算公式。     

双行智能烟草打顶抑芽机检测控制系统设计与试验

为提高烟草打顶抑芽作业工作效率,降低劳动强度,采用机器视觉技术进行烟草智能打顶抑芽作业。首先对烟叶和烟花色彩特征进行分析,利用潘通色卡选取与绿叶相似的印染布作为图像采集背景,减小烟花提取难度;以普通摄像头作为图像采集装置,对烟草图像进行处理,在可见光波段利用颜色特征进行烟花位置定位,确定具体打顶高度;最后通过工业控制机和单片机控制步进电动机、电磁阀,实现烟草打顶抑芽的快速、实时作业。田间试验表明:该烟草智能打顶机作业效率2~3 s/株,烟花检测准确率96%左右,打顶准确率90%左右,抑芽剂喷洒准确率80%左右;满足设计要求,能够有效提高作业效率和作业效果。