钙对枳生长发育及柑橘溃疡病抗性的影响

【背景】柑橘溃疡病是由柑橘黄单胞杆菌柑橘致病变种(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)引起的细菌性病害,可侵染枝、叶、果,危害几乎所有的柑橘主栽品种。前期对湖南省39个柑橘园的调查结果显示柑橘果园土壤酸化和交换性钙缺乏严重,叶片中均存在钙缺乏现象。钙是植物所需大量元素之一,钙缺乏会造成植物营养失衡,生长势下降,植物免疫水平受影响。然而,钙元素对柑橘溃疡病抗性的影响尚不明确。【目的】分析对柑橘溃疡病敏感的枳(Poncirus trifoliata)在不同钙浓度处理下叶片注射接种Xcc后的致病差异,探讨钙在Xcc侵染枳叶片过程中的作用。【方法】采用沙培法对枳实生苗进行0、0.75、3、30 mmol·L^-1钙浓度处理,分别测定枳生长期的生物量、叶绿素a和b浓度、根系和叶片钙元素含量、观察根系活性氧(ROS)的产生和胼胝质沉积,并分析枳叶片接种Xcc后细胞壁合成相关基因及免疫途径相关基因诱导表达变化特征。【结果】以3 mmol·L^-1钙处理为对照,0、0.75和30 mmol·L^-1钙处理后,...     

基于随机森林算法和气象因子的砀山酥梨始花期预报

准确预报始花期是制定砀山酥梨花期管理措施和赏花活动方案的重要基础。该文利用1983-2018年砀山酥梨始花期的定位观测物候数据和平行观测的气象资料,采用线性趋势法,揭示始花期演变趋势;采用相关分析,筛选影响始花期的关键气象因子,依据不同预报日期构成特征变量集;采用随机森林算法（Random Forest, RF）,自3月11日开始预报到3月25日终止预报,每日训练1个预报模型。结果表明,1）1983－2018年始花期呈极显著提早发生趋势,每10a约提前2.750 d（P＜0.001）。2）16个逐日气象预报模型中,共计有200个气象因子与始花期早迟密切相关,相关系数在0.469～0.789之间;各气象预报模型的训练集与测试集的平均正确率（Nd）分别为92.9%和75.5%、平均均方根误差（RMSE）分别为1.693～2.870和2.240～7.237、平均决定系数（R2）分别为0.891和0.701。3）2019年试验预报中,提前15日准确预报出当年始花期。该文研究表明RF在梨树始花期逐日气象预报中有一定业务应用潜力,预报准确率基本满足气象服务需求。     

基于WSN的集中通风式分娩猪舍环境参数时空分布特性

为研究集中通风式分娩猪舍环境参数的时空分布特性,以云南省某规模化种猪场为试验对象,利用无线多源多点远程监测系统(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN),对地沟管道进风、中央排风式分娩母猪舍养殖环境开展了环境参数监测试验,并进行统计分析。试验结果表明,在试验期间内,分娩舍内不同时间段之间的温度(00:00-06:00、06:00-12:00、12:00-18:00以及18:00-00:00的平均温度分别为22.98、23.78、24.44和23.61℃)具有显著性差异(P0.05),相对湿度与温度随时间变化呈现负相关性,相对湿度的峰值点为82.31%,温度场分布均匀性比湿度场好,NH_3浓度分布均匀性比CO_2浓度差。NH3浓度在舍内能被有效的维持在低水平范围,各监测区域的浓度远小于指标值(20 mg/m~3),NH_3和CO_2会呈现出在边角积聚现象。温湿度指数较低,舍内平均温湿度指数(Temperature-humidity Index,THI)水平的峰值点为75.30,生猪出现热应激的概率较低。利用WSN系统,对集中通风式分娩舍环境参数进行多源多点远程监测,分析分娩舍环境参数时空分布特性,为分娩舍通风模式与环境调控策略优化设计提供参考。     

Effect of hydrogen sulfide on myocardial fibrosis and PPARγ and NF-κB expression in rat model of diabetes

AIM: To explore the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on the myocardial fibrosis in a rat model of diabetes and its mechanism.METHODS: Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) was utilized to establish a rat model of diabetes. Sodium hydrosulfide was used as an exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide. Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, STZ group, STZ+H₂S group and H₂S group. Eight weeks later, HE and VG staining methods were used to observe the collagen distribution and collagen volume fraction was measured by image analysis. The expression levels of type I collagen, PPARγ and NF-κB in the cardiac tissues were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with control group, collagen distribution and the expression levels of type I collagen and NF-κB in the cardiac tissues were markedly increased (P<0.05), while PPARγ was significantly decreased in STZ group (P<0.05), but these indexes were reversed significantly in STZ+H₂S group (P<0.05). The expression levels of type I collagen, PPARγ and NF-κB had no significant difference between H₂S group and control group.CONCLUSION: Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway.     

Diverse Secondary Metabolites from the Coral-Derived Fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 5Bn1003

Three new metabolites, including a cyclic tetrapeptide asperhiratide (1), an ecdysteroid derivative asperhiratine (2), and a sesquiterpene lactone asperhiratone (3), were isolated and identified from the soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 5Bn₁003, together with 10 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. In addition, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Marfey’s technique and an analysis of the acid hydrolysates using a chiral phase HPLC column. Among all the compounds, 6 and 8 showed medium cytotoxic activities against four tumor cell lines (SF-268, HepG-2, MCF-7, and A549), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 31.03 ± 3.04 to 50.25 ± 0.54 µM. Meanwhile, they strongly inhibited α-glucosidase activities, with IC₅₀ values of 35.73 ± 3.94 and 22.00 ± 2.45 µM, which were close to and even stronger than the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀ = 32.92 ± 1.03 µM). Compounds 6–8 showed significant antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 10.26 ± 0.76 µM, 17.00 ± 1.25 µM, and 5.30 ± 0.29 µM, respectively. Compounds 9 and 12 exhibited potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH, with IC₅₀ values of 12.23 ± 0.78 µM and 7.38 ± 1.16 µM. In addition, asperhiratide (1) was evaluated for anti-angiogenic activities in the in vivo zebrafish model, which showed a weak inhibitory effect on intersegmental vessel (ISV) formation.     

猫杯状病毒分离株VP1基因序列与致病性分析

旨在了解上海地区猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus, FCV)VP1基因与致病性,采用常规方法分离鉴定出13株FCV,经RT-PCR和测序获得分离株VP1的基因序列,与参考株VP1基因进行同源性和遗传演化分析,对2株分离株进行动物致病性试验。结果显示,13株上海地区分离株VP1基因核苷酸序列相互间相似性为74.3%～99.8%,与参考株核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相似性也较低,符合FCV易突变的特征;进化树分析表明,上海地区FCV流行株主要来自国内北方地区,少数毒株来自国外地区;通过对宿主临床症状、VP1进化树和VS-FCV特征性氨基酸位点进行分析,筛选出7株FCV强毒株;动物致病性试结果验表明,FCV-SH202101株和FCV-SH202113株可导致感染猫发病和死亡,潜伏期为1～2 d,接种后第3天即可检测到排毒,不同年龄段猫的病程不一致,可导致幼猫5 d后死亡,成年猫病程可持续11～18 d, 2株分离株在致病性方面均符合VS-FCV特征。本研究丰富了中国FCV的分子流行病学资料,为VS-FCV毒株的筛选提供了有力的证据,也为FCV疫苗的研究提供了技术支持。     

应用PCR技术检测猪伤寒沙门氏菌

运用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测猪伤寒沙门氏菌,对从病猪的血液中分离培养的伤寒沙门氏菌进行检测,均能检出阳性,试验说明PCR技术对检测猪伤寒沙门氏菌具有特异性高、灵敏、快速等特点,适用于快速、准确地检测猪伤寒沙门氏菌的需要。     

西施舌形态性状与体质量性状的相关性分析

为研究西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)野生群体壳体性状对体质量性状的影响,文章以广西北海铁山港海区采集的178只西施舌为研究对象,测量壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、前缘长(AL)、后缘长(GL)、壳质量(SM)、软体部质量(VM)、活体质量(BM),以壳体性状(SH、SL、SW、AL、G...     

性控奶山羊精液X和Y精子分离比例检测方法的建立

旨在建立可以定量计算奶山羊精液中X、Y精子数量的双重TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,用以检测经过分离的奶山羊精液X和Y精子的数量和比例,为性控技术的开发和生产应用提供技术支撑.本研究选择X、Y染色体中特异基因F9及ZFY片段设计引物,建立标准曲线,优化荧光定量PCR反应体系和条件.通过对阳性标准品梯度稀释以及对60支已...     

管理信息系统开发及应用相关问题的探讨

21世纪是高度信息化的社会,管理信息已成为企业管理、决策的重要依据。我国幅员广阔,区域经济和各类企业的发展很不平衡,盲目追求管理信息系统的快速发展是不现实的。企业管理信息系统的发展应按我国的国情和实际需要,循序渐进,顺其自然地发展。