CYP450 epoxygenase/EET pathway attenuates adipose inflammation of obese mice through HIF-1α

AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （EET） pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group （treated with saline; n=10）, EET group （treated with 11,12-EET; n=10） and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5（Z）-enoic acid （EEZE） group （n=10）. Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice （n=10） treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 （one of CYP450 epoxygenases） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls （P<0.05）. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice （P<0.05）. After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures （CD31-positive） compared with normal control mice （P<0.05）. EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation.     

Rapamycin promotes repair of neurovascular units after ischemic stroke

Neurovascular unit （NVU） is composed of neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, macrophages/microglia, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, etc, and plays vital roles in maintenance of the normal brain tissue function and cellular homeostasis. Cerebral ischemia caused by stroke can harm various components of NVU. Repairing damaged NVU and maintaining its structural and functional integrity are an effective way to improve stroke treatment. Resent research has found that rapamycin not only enhances autophagy of neurons but also effectively repairs the injuried components of NVU , thereby reducing neural damage after stroke. In this paper, the mechanisms of rapamycin underlying the repair of injured NVU after ischemic stroke is reviewed to provide guidance for its application in the treatment of stroke.     

湖南省露地黄瓜霜霉病发生规律及综合防治技术探讨

经过两年的调查研究,明确了湖南省露地黄瓜霜霉病的发生规律,并在此基础上,提出了以农业防治为基础,大力推广抗性品种,辅以生物防治、化学防治的综合防治策略,能较好地控制黄瓜霜霉病的发生为害。     

小麦蚜虫抗药性现状及综合治理策略

综述了麦蚜抗药性的形成和发展、抗药性现状、抗药性机理等,并提出了相应的综合治理策略。     

卵形异绒螨空间分布型及二阶抽样技术研究

卵形异绒螨是我国北方地区梨树蚜虫的一种外寄生性天敌。通过2005年5月调查,得出卵形异绒螨在梨树间和梨树内都属于聚集分布。计算了卵形异绒螨二阶抽样的理论抽样数,进行了卵形异绒螨二阶抽样的序贯分析。     

基于分期播种试验夏玉米延迟收获促进子粒灌浆和粒重增益效应

基于2019-2022年夏玉米播期试验资料,分析夏玉米生理成熟后延迟收获对子粒农艺性状改善、增产效应。结果表明,早播10 d至晚播20 d处理的有效灌浆结束日均比生理成熟期延后,子粒有效灌浆持续日数依次比其花后10 d至生理成熟期日数延长28～9 d,播期每推迟10 d延长日数减少6.3 d。子粒农艺性状有明显的改善,百粒重、穗粒重提高,子粒增产效应明显,理论产量增产率16.95%～7.66%,增产量1 960.36～681.51 kg/hm²,对照增产最多,比晚播10、20 d增产粮食多2.4～2.9倍。为华北地区提高气候资源利用效率和粮食生产提质增效提供参考。     

不同时期一次性施肥对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响

在河南省鹤壁和原阳采用田间试验,研究不施氮(CK)、种肥同播(T1)、5叶期一次性施肥(T2)和10叶期一次性施肥(T3),对夏玉米生长发育、氮素积累转运及产量的影响,明确夏玉米包膜尿素1∶1配施普通尿素适宜的一次性施肥时期。结果表明,鹤壁和原阳T1处理产量最高,分别为12 700 kg/hm²和10 945 kg/hm²,但与T2处理间差异不显著,较T3处理分别提高14.2%和10.9%;干物质积累量较其他处理分别提高5.6%～25.1%和1.6%～21.2%。不同生育期T1处理叶片SPAD值和叶面积指数均达最高。鹤壁和原阳T1氮肥表观利用率最高,分别为35.2%和35.5%,较其他处理分别提高5.6～14.7个百分点和3.2～13.6个百分点;氮素积累量较其他施氮处理分别提高13.8%～34.5%和14.5%～41.5%。T1处理土壤氮素依存率低于T2和T3处理。综上,种肥同播提高了夏玉米产量、氮肥效率、叶片SAPD值和叶面积指数,保持较高的氮素吸收速率,降低了土壤氮依存率,满足夏玉米整个生育期的氮素需求,实现了夏玉米高产和高效施肥。     

不同生态区玉米自交系苞叶与穗轴同步发育特性研究

2022-2023年在河南和海南以玉米自交系驻85、驻136、ZM3358为试验材料,研究自交系苞叶与穗轴同步发育特性。结果表明,河南苞叶驻85第1～7 d伸长迅速,速增期与ZM3358一致,低于驻136;穗轴,驻85第1～11 d急剧伸长。海南苞叶ZM3358伸长速增期为13 d,比驻85、驻136延长2～3 d;穗轴ZM3358伸长渐增期最长为19 d,显著高于驻85、驻136。河南苞叶驻85宽度持续变宽,驻136苞叶宽度第11 d开始增幅变缓,ZM3358苞叶宽度速增期最短为7 d;穗轴粗度驻136第1～17 d持续变粗,第19 d稍有下降。海南ZM3358苞叶宽度速增期为13 d,驻85、驻136苞叶宽度速增期均为9 d;驻85穗轴粗度速增期最长为19 d,苞叶与穗轴可保持同步发育特性。     

利用SNP芯片对部分黄淮海玉米自交系遗传多样性分析

利用4 434个SNP标记对47份玉米自交系进行种质遗传多样性和杂种优势类群研究。采用Admixture软件对自交系的遗传结构进行分析,采用Treebest软件对自交系进行聚类分析和类群划分。结果表明,47份自交系分为6个类群,分别为瑞德群、兰卡斯特群、塘四平头群、PB群、旅大红骨群和自330亚群。10个自选系组配的杂交种主要利用的杂种优势模式为PB×塘四平头和瑞德×塘四平头,均为近年来黄淮海地区主要利用的杂种优势模式。     

20份早熟欧美血缘玉米自交系利用潜力分析

以20份早熟欧美血缘自交系为供试材料,9份SS群自交系为母本、11份NSS群自交系为父本,采用不完全双列杂交设计,进行配合力分析评价。结果表明,自交系DNF342、DNLM18、东407、东409和东401产量一般配合力(GCA)优良,东304和东503株高、穗位高一般配合力优良,有利于降低杂交组合株高和穗位高。杂交组合东407×东601、东409×DNF342、东502×DN4206、东409×东305、东407×DN4206和东401×东601产量对照优势较强,可用于新品种试验。