3种农药对蔗田杂草香附子的防除效果及其安全性评价

研究旨在明确75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG、25%硝磺·莠去津OD和73%甲·灭·敌草隆WP等对蔗田香附子的防除效果及其安全性。采用田间试验方法,分别调查了喷施不同药剂处理的甘蔗和香附子的叶色变化情况,香附子地表植株、根和地下球茎（或芽）的死亡率。结果表明,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG对香附子地上部分、根和地下球茎（或芽）防效均达90%以上且对甘蔗安全;73%甲·灭·敌草隆WP可有效控制香附子地表植株和根,但对地下球茎（或芽）防效较低;25%硝磺·莠去津OD仅能使香附子地表植株变色,对香附子根和地下球茎（或芽）几乎无效。75%氯吡嘧磺隆WDG对香附子防治效果好且对甘蔗安全,可作为蔗田香附子防治的轮换药剂,使用剂量以90、135 g/hm²为宜。     

依据物联网的树干径流自动监测系统

针对森林水分监测中树干径流数据收集单一、不准确、严重依赖人力操作等问题,研究设计基于物联网的树干径流自动监测系统。系统由翻斗式传感器、数据采集和处理模块、无线通信模块、服务器、客户端等组成。嵌入式系统接受和储存翻斗式脉冲信号次数,利用4G无线网络将数据上传到服务器,通过上位机对原始数据进行处理,最终达到在手机或者电脑上直观读取数据。测试表明该系统长期在野外运行稳定、数据收集准确,节约了大量人力成本和时间。     

橡胶树白粉菌内源强启动子WY193的克隆及功能鉴定

橡胶树白粉菌(Oidium heveae Steinm.)是专性寄生的丝状真菌。目前,有关橡胶树白粉菌启动子的研究较为落后。启动子是调控基因表达重要的顺式作用元件,是分子生物学研究的热点。为了开发研究橡胶树白粉菌的内源启动子,为植物基因工程提供新的材料及从分子水平理解橡胶树白粉菌遗传组成与进化。本研究在橡胶树白粉菌HO-73基因组基础上,利用生物信息学在线软件PromoterScan预测得到一个疑似启动子,命名为WY193。采用qRT-PCR技术测定WY193调控GUS基因的表达量,其表达量明显高于阳性对照CaMV 35S(35S)启动子,为35S的8.34倍。WY193均能驱动GUS基因在双子叶植物烟草和火龙果,以及单子叶植物椰子和玉米中进行瞬时表达。因此,本研究得到的橡胶树白粉菌内源启动子WY193,其表达范围较广,效率高,具有较好的应用前景,丰富了橡胶树白粉菌内源启动子研究。     

品种及初生重对仔猪死亡率和21日龄个体重的影响

试验对2 319头仔猪的初生重与21日龄个体重和死亡率进行分析。结果表明:大约克仔猪哺乳期死亡率最低,21日龄体重最高;随着初生重的增加,仔猪死亡率降低,21日龄个体重增加。     

Drought and heat stress reduce yield and alter carbon rhizodeposition of different wheat genotypes

Drought and high temperature are major environmental stress factors threatening wheat production during grain filling stage resulting in substantial yield losses. Four wheat genotypes (Suntop, IAW2013, Scout and 249) were planted under two temperature levels (25 and 30°C) and two water levels (15% and 25% soil moisture content). Wheat yield, leaf δ¹³C, plant rhizodeposition, shoot biomass and root traits were examined. Low moisture (drought stress) and high temperature (heat stress) decreased the grain yield of all wheat genotypes, in particular 249, while combined drought and temperature stresses had the most pronounced negative effect on plant biomass and grain yield. Decreasing soil water availability decreased the allocation of plant‐derived C to soil organic carbon (SOC) and to microbial biomass through rhizodeposition. Leaf δ¹³C decreased with increased yield, suggesting that higher yielding genotypes were less water stressed and allocated less C to SOC and microbial biomass through rhizodeposition. Wheat genotypes with lower root/shoot ratios and thinner roots were more efficient at assimilating C to the grain, while genotypes with higher root/shoot ratios and thicker roots allocated more C belowground through rhizodeposition at the expense of producing higher yield. Therefore, improving these traits for enhanced C allocation to wheat grain under variable environmental conditions needs to be considered.     

我国樟树害虫研究文献计量分析

采用文献计量学方法,统计分析了1980—2021年在国内期刊上发表的165篇关于樟树害虫研究的中文文献,系统梳理了我国樟树害虫研究概况,明确了该领域的研究热点和发展趋势.研究结果表明目前我国樟树害虫研究处于逐渐发展阶段;应用VOSviewer软件分析文献关键词共现图谱,历年来相关领域研究主要集中在园林植物上的樟树害虫,研究方向主要关注樟树害虫的生物学特性、发生规律、虫情调查和综合防治技术等方面.通过中文文献研究热点知识图谱分析可知,相关研究热点主要在樟巢螟、樟颈曼盲蝽、黑翅土白蚁、樟叶蜂等樟树害虫的研究.文献计量分析结果为我国樟树害虫研究提供了思路和方法.     

Acaricidal activity of extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against the larvae of the rabbit mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro

The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log-log (CLL) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. The results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract were similar. The activities of both the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract against the larvae showed the relation of time and concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the petroleum ether extract (1.3muL/mL) was about three times that of the chloroform extract (4.1muL/mL) at 24h post-treatment. At the concentrations of 500.0muL/mL, the median lethal time (LT(50)) of the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract was 8.4 and 9.6h, respectively.     

沂蒙山中华蜜蜂微卫星DNA遗传多样性分析

利用19对微卫星标记对山东省中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性进行分析,共检测到100个等位基因,等位基因数目从3-9不等。平均等位基因数为5.26;所有位点平均的期望杂合度和PIC值分别为0.6666和0.6136。表明沂蒙山中蜂是多态性丰富的群体。     

不同的干燥工艺对荷花蜂花粉功能成分的影响

探讨了5种干燥工艺对荷花蜂花粉功能成分的影响。微波干燥的干燥效率最高,60%火力处理540s可使水分从31.41%降到6.42%;干燥方式对荷花蜂花粉蛋白质影响较小;微波干燥后总黄酮提取率最高,为13.20mg/g;真空冷冻干燥后维生素C和过氧化氢酶含量最高,分别为48.89mg/100g和29.86mg/g·min。总的来说,真空冷冻干燥对荷花蜂花粉的功能成分影响最小;常压恒温干燥对功能成分影响较小、工艺简单、对设备要求低,宜于大规模应用于实际生产中。