兰坪乌骨绵羊的引种适应性观察

兰坪乌骨绵羊是原产于云南省兰坪县、国内外唯一的具有乌骨乌肉特性的独特绵羊种质资源.为探明兰坪乌骨绵羊对环境的适应性,从云南省兰坪县引种兰坪乌骨绵羊160只至安徽省宁国市,通过观察和分析引种后原种和自繁羊群在新的生态条件和饲养管理条件下的成活和抗病、生理指标、生长发育和繁殖等性能.结果表明,虽然引入地与原产地距离遥远,生态差异大,羊群各方面表现良好,云南乌骨绵羊能够适应安徽省宁国市的自然生态环境和气候条件.     

Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials and yeast on site and extent of digestion,blood chemistry,and subclinical ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle

Two studies were conducted to determine whether a bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) alone or with yeast could minimize the risk of acidosis and improve feed utilization in feedlot cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Eight ruminally cannulated steers, previously adapted to a high-concentrate diet, were used in crossover designs to study the effects of DFM on feed intake, ruminal pH, ruminal fermentation, blood characteristics, site and extent of digestion, and microbial protein synthesis. Steers were provided ad libitum access to a diet containing steam-rolled barley, barley silage, and a protein-mineral supplement (87, 8, and 5% on a DM basis, respectively). In Exp. 1, treatments were control vs. the lactic-acid producing bacterium Enterococcus faecium EF212 (EF; 6 x 10(9) cfu/d). In Exp. 2, treatments were control vs EF (6 x 10(9) cfu/d) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 6 x 10(9) cfu/d). Supplementing feedlot cattle diets with EF in Exp. 1 increased (P < 0.05) propionate and (P < 0.05) decreased butyrate concentrations, decreased the nadir of ruminal pH (P < 0.05), enhanced the flow of feed N (P < 0.10) to the duodenum but reduced that of microbial N (P < 0.10), reduced (P < 0.10) intestinal digestion of NDF, and increased (P < 0.10) fecal coliform numbers. Other than the increase in propionate concentrations that signify an increase in energy precursors for growth, the other metabolic changes were generally considered to be undesirable. In Exp. 2, providing EF together with yeast abolished most of these undesirable effects. Combining EF with yeast increased the DM digestion of corn grain incubated in sacco, but there were no effects on altering the site or extent of nutrient digestion. The diets used in this study were highly fermentable, and the incidence of subclinical ruminal acidosis, defined as steers with ruminal pH below 5.5 for prolonged periods of time, was high. Supplementing the diet with EF, with or without yeast, had limited effects on reducing ruminal acidosis. It seems that cattle adapted to high-grain diets are able to maintain relatively high feed intake and high fiber digestion despite low ruminal pH. The Enterococcus faecium bacterium and yeast used in this study were of limited value for feedlot cattle already adapted to high-grain diets.     

不同采毛方式对长毛兔血清蛋白及含氮代谢物水平的影响

文章分析了3种方式（剪毛、直接拔毛和药物拔毛）对皖系长毛兔采毛前、采毛后0、4、8、24、48 h血清蛋白及含氮代谢物变化规律的影响.结果发现：3种采毛方式均显著上调血清总蛋白和肌酐水平,而血清白蛋白仅受药物拔毛影响而显著上调;药物拔毛显著上调血清总胆红素和直接胆红素水平,同时直接胆红素还受其他两种采毛方式影响而显著下调;两种拔毛方式（直接拔毛和药物拔毛）显著上调血清尿素和尿酸水平,但剪毛对这两个指标没有影响.长毛兔在采毛后48 h内,多数血清指标可恢复到采毛前水平,或呈恢复趋势;该研究筛选获得采毛应激指标血清总蛋白和肌酐,拔毛应激指标尿素和尿酸,同时发现肌酐、白蛋白和胆红素受地塞米松的显著影响.该研究结果可为初步揭示不同采毛方式应激生化机制提供参考.     

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...     

Canine renal failure syndrome in three dogs

Three dead dogs were brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University for study. Clinically, all the dogs showed emaciation, anorexia, depression, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhea for 7~10 days before death. All the clinical signs were first noted for about one month after feeding the dogs with commercial diets. At necropsy, all 3 dogs had severe renal damage with the same green-yellowish colored nephroliths in the renal pelvis. They also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification of several organs, which might have been induced by uremia. Microscopically, necrosis, calcification and calculi were detected in the renal tubules, and especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. These findings were supportive of a mycotoxic effect, and especially on their kidneys. However, the precise cause of the toxic effect in these cases of canine renal failure could not be determined.     

牛垂体细胞体外培养条件下催乳素分泌的调节—TRH、 GnRH、LH和PRL的影响

利用牛垂体细胞体外无血清培养技术,研究了促甲状腺素释放素(TRH)、促性腺激素释放素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)对牛垂体细胞PRL分泌的调节。细胞在培养箱内预培养24小时后开始各项处理,以后隔24小时采集培养液一次,并换新的相同处理的培养液。结果表明:GnRH和TRH在第一次处理时均能显著增加PRL的分泌。加入1、10、100ng/ml的GnRH可使PRL分泌量分别增加53％(P<0.05)、111％(P<0.01)和60％(P<0.01),而TRH只有在10、100ng/ml的剂量时明显引起PRL释放增加(P<0.01)。第二次处理时细胞对TRH的反应消失,但对GnRH的反应却发生了逆转,PRL分别降低了70％(P<0.05)、68％(P<0.05)和73％(P<0.05)。表明GnRH和TRH在培养初期具有促进垂体细胞释放PRL的作用。LH(1、10、100ng/ml)对牛垂体细胞PRL的分泌无影响。但LH和TRH合用时,100ng/ml LH可明显地降低由TRH引起的PRL分泌(P<0.05)。PRL本身对牛垂体细胞的分泌有自我调节作用,100、1000ng/ml的PRL处理细胞使其分泌的PRL显著下降,分别降低70％(P<0.05)和100％(P<0.001)。此外1000ng/ml的PRL可显著地抑制由GnRH在第一次处理时引起的PRL释放。本实验在垂体细胞水平说明多种激素对PRL的分泌调节具有调控作用。     

以超滤技术浓缩猪细小病毒含毒细胞液的试验

在研制猪细小病毒灭活疫苗时,应用了超滤浓缩技术,提高了合毒细胞培养液中的抗原含量。为了保证浓缩的流量,减少对滤膜的污染,对含毒细胞培养液作了预处理一离心及微滤,以便除去细胞培养液中的细胞碎片、蛋白质等大分子物质及固形微粒。超滤时选用50000Da滤膜,在20psig压力下,经过5倍浓缩的PPV细胞培养液,血凝滴度提高2个滴度以上。病毒含量测定表明,TCID50／0．2mL由107左右升至109以上,以其配制疫苗,能显著地提高疫苗的免疫原性。超滤技术具有易于操作、高效、分离精度高、没有二次污染等优点,可以根据需要选择不同的浓缩浓度,对保证疫苗的质量具有重要作用。     

鸡贫血因子病的血液病理学变化

本实验用鸡贫血病毒感染１日龄健康ＡＡ雏鸡，以未感染雏鸡为对照，在感染后７、１４、２８、３５、４２日龄检测其外周血液各种血细胞数量，血红蛋白含量，红细胞压积，红细胞平均体积，红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度；骨髓红系祖细胞、粒单系祖细胞（ＣＵＦ－ＧＭ）、基质成纤维祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－Ｆ）的增殖功能；血清因子和胞腺集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）对造血祖细胞增殖功能的影响；骨髓造血细胞分化功能；骨髓造血     

琼脂扩散法与酶标斑点试验结合鉴别诊断马传贫病

马传染性贫血病是一种马属家畜传染病，曾在天水部分县(区)流行，给当地畜牧业生产造成很大损失，经过广大畜牧兽医科技人员多年不懈努力，全市现已达到部颁无疫区标准。为巩固已取得的防制成果，我们在市场、运输、产地等环节积极开展了血清学疫情监测，从1994年至今累计监测马类家畜66526头(匹)，曾两次在市场采集血清中，检出琼脂扩散性马5匹，弄清是人工注苗免疫还是自然感染马，对     

自由舔食补饲小苏打在高产奶牛疾病预防中的应用研究

[目的]饲喂碳酸氢钠能够参与反刍动物瘤胃酸碱调节并发挥重要的酸碱平衡作用。试验通过对比高产、中产、低产3个不同群体荷斯坦奶牛每头每日补饲不同剂量小苏打后,观察其对奶牛个体平均泌乳天数和日单产的影响,探究小苏打的最佳补饲量与补饲方法,为我国现阶段高产奶牛的饲管提供有价值的借鉴。[方法]对本场挤奶大厅1 000头泌乳牛连续16个月不间断全群补饲小苏打,以奶牛恶性舔土现象出现的次数以及临床热应激疾病发病数量作为瘤胃酸碱平衡的量化指标,分析各试验组的小苏打补饲量。[结果]高产群、中产群、低产群每头荷斯坦奶牛每日通过自由舔食分别平均获得61 g, 70 g, 80 g的小苏打,加上精饲料中分别提供的174 g, 156 g, 120 g,高产群、中产群、低产群每头每日实际需要量为235 g, 226 g, 200 g。[结论]通过高产奶牛自由舔食补饲小苏打的研究,确认自由舔舐是一种安全有效的小苏打补充方法。添加适合剂量的小苏打能够预防高产奶牛代谢性疾病的发生,有效减少奶牛恶性舔土现象,从而提高奶牛的生产和繁殖性能。