空肠弯曲菌耐药机制研究进展

空肠弯曲菌是一种全球关注的人兽共患病病原菌,由于滥用抗生素而造成其耐药性不断增强,成为公共卫生日益关注的问题.各类抗生素作用位点的基因突变是诱发空肠弯曲菌对各类临床常用的抗生素产生耐药的主要原因,同时细菌对药物的外排机制也在其对抗生素耐药过程中发挥了一定的作用.文章对空肠弯曲菌对各类临床常用抗生素的耐药机制做一综述.     

中国荷斯坦牛初产日龄遗传评估及全基因组关联分析

基于高通量SNPs测序的全基因组关联分析为奶牛繁殖性状相关基因的探索提供了契机。本研究基于课题组前期中国荷斯坦牛基因组测序芯片的结果,通过DMU(v 6.0)采用AI-REML结合EM算法的动物模型对北京地区2001-2011年10年间19 111头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄记录进行遗传参数估计,并应用PLINK(v 1.07)将大群估计的2 172头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄性状的育种值(EBV)作为表型值,进行基于无关群体设计的全基因组关联分析。通过全基因组水平的Bonferroni校正,共检测到1 700个SNPs与初产日龄显著相关。选取P值达到10-15的43个SNPs进行初步分析,其中12个位于X染色体上。显著SNPs上下游200kb范围内存在KLHL4、TRAM1、TRAM2、ZNF438、MATK等繁殖障碍疾病相关基因。7号染色体1 Mb(20.42~21.52 Mb)区域内多个SNPs位点与初产日龄显著相关。这些基因和区域可以作为影响初产日龄性状的重要候选基因和区域,为揭示奶牛繁殖性状的分子遗传基础积累了素材。     

FQ-PCR在转基因产品检测中的应用研究进展

实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fuoreseent quantitative PCR,FQ—PCR）是近年来定量PCR技术中兴起的最新定量检测技术,因其具有灵敏性高、特异性强、结果精确、反应快速、安全可靠等优点,现已广泛应用于医学和生命科学的各个研究领域,论文就实时荧光PCR技术的主要原理、分类方法以及在转基因产品检测中的应用等进行简要综述。     

Expression kinetics of chicken β2-microglobulin and Class I MHC in vitro and in vivo during Marek’s disease viral infections

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction.     

不同NDF水平肉羊日粮养分表观消化率研究

为了测定不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平对肉羊日粮养分表观消化率的影响,选用4只体重相近[(23.5±0.6)kg7的4月龄杂交一代(小尾寒羊×尤角陶赛特)羯羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计进行试验.4种试验口粮按等能等氮而NDF水平分别为30%、35%、40%和45%进行配制(干物质基础),定量饲喂.在本试验条件下,除45%NDF日粮的干物质表观消化率显著(P<0.05)低于其他日粮外,不同NDF水平对肉羊日粮的有机物、粗蛋白质和淀粉表观消化率均未产生显著影响(P>0.05);不同NDF水平并未显著影响(P>0.05)肉羊日粮的NDF、酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素和半纤维素表观消化率,但30%和45%NDF日粮相应指标均较低.综合分析,不同NDF水平对肉羊日粮养分的表观消化率有一定影响,肉羊日粮的适宜NDF水平为35%～40%.     

复方中草药免疫增强剂对鸡堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株免疫的影响研究

选用两个中草药方剂,采用1.5%、2.0%两个添加水平,在相同方法、相同攻虫强度下,比较其抗鸡堆型艾美耳球虫的效果。结果表明:方剂一在2.0%的添加水平时效果显著,抗球虫指数高达196.04,其E-玫瑰花环形成率也显著提高,具有明显的免疫促进作用。     

细粒棘球绦虫——原头蚴在两种细胞培养液中体外培养的初步观察

通过原头蚴在两种细胞培养液中（RPMI-1640和MEM）培养,观察其存活、生长及发育情况,从而为研究寄生虫发育提供最基本的数据资料。方法：细粒棘球绦虫幼虫——原头蚴培养的细胞培养基（RPMI-1640和MEM）分为4组：Ⅰ组为纯RPMI-1640培养液;Ⅱ组为含10％的小牛血清的1640培养液;Ⅲ组为纯MEM培养液;Ⅳ组为含10％的小牛血清的MEM培养液;并进行对比观察。结果：培养15d的原头蚴的成活率分别为：Ⅰ组69．87％、Ⅱ组80．35％、Ⅲ组50．25％、Ⅳ组60．32％;成囊率分别为：Ⅰ组80．58％、Ⅱ组90．25％、Ⅲ组35．65％、Ⅳ组45．89％;头节外翻率分别为：Ⅰ组95．50％、Ⅱ组98．65％、Ⅲ组60．52％、Ⅳ组70．98％。结论：大多数虫体在早期向囊发育,一部分虫体头节外翻,并伴有规律的伸缩运动,但随时间的延长虫体运动减缓,又向囊蚴发育。通过对细粒棘球绦虫的原头蚴的体外培养,初步表明含有10％小牛血清的细胞培养基RPMI-1640较适合原头蚴的生长发育,在普通培养箱中培养,最适温度在37—40℃,培养液pH=7．2,初步建立了原头蚴体外培养的方法。     

不同封育年限对宁夏荒漠草原土壤粒径及碳氮储量的影响

封育禁牧的时间效应已经成为科学和政府决策关注的焦点,研究以宁夏盐池县典型荒漠草原围封6、10、15年样地的围栏内外2种主要土壤类型——灰钙土和风沙土为研究对象,基于样线调查法及方差分析法,探究不同封育年限对荒漠草原颗粒组成及土壤碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:1)封育会导致灰钙土及风沙土土壤细颗粒含量增加,灰钙土封育6年样地土壤细颗粒较围栏外增加量最明显,后随封育年限的增加而呈现增幅减少的趋势;风沙土封育15年样地围栏内土壤细颗粒增加量高于封育6年样地。2)灰钙土及风沙土封育6年样地均表现为围栏内土壤碳氮(有机碳、全碳、全氮)含量高于围栏外,而围封10年及15年样地围栏内外土壤碳氮含量没有明显差异。3)灰钙土围封6年样地围栏内土壤碳氮比高于围栏外,而围封10年及15年样地无此规律,围封不会影响风沙土土壤碳氮比。围封可以有效使土壤颗粒细化,但不同土质对封育年限的响应有所差异,人工封育的最佳时间尺度应根据草原退化程度和草原不同土壤条件而定。     

Identification and concentration of soy phytoestrogens in commercial dog foods

OBJECTIVE: To identify and determine the concentrations of phytoestrogens in commercial dog foods. SAMPLE POPULATION: 24 commercial dog foods, including 12 moist or dry extruded commercial dog foods that contained soybeans or soybean fractions and 12 foods without any soybean-related ingredients listed on the label. PROCEDURE: Foods were analyzed for phytoestrogen content, including 4 isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, daidzein, and biochanin A), 1 coumestan (coumestrol), and 2 lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol) by use of acid-methanol hydrolysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV-absorbance detection. Phytoestrogens were identified and quantified by reference to authentic standards. RESULTS: Isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans were undetectable in diets that did not list soybean-related ingredients on the label. Only 1 of the 12 diets that included soybean or soybean fractions had undetectable concentrations of phytoestrogens and that product contained soy fiber. The major phytoestrogens were the isoflavones daidzein (24 to 615 microg/g of dry matter) and genistein (4 to 238 microg/g of dry matter). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Soybean and soybean fractions are commonly used ingredients in commercial dog foods. Dietary intake of phytoestrogens may have both beneficial and deleterious health effects. Our results indicated that certain commercial dog foods contain phytoestrogens in amounts that could have biological effects when ingested long-term.     

紫露草花色形成的机理分析

运用测色法、组织切片法、电感耦合、等离子体质谱及高效液相色谱等植物成分分析方法,对单子叶植物紫露草（Tradescantia albiflora）花色形成的化学基础进行研究。结果表明,紫露草花瓣颜色属于蓝紫色系（Violet group N88B）;色素物质主要积累于近轴面和远轴面的表皮层,深度20～30 μm,且表皮细胞呈略扁平的长方形;紫露草花瓣中Ca元素含量极丰富（5 120.89 μg·g-1）,其次是Mg元素（2 360.71 μg·g-1）;主要成色色素为矢车菊素(6.671 1 mg·g-1)和飞燕草素(0.674 4 mg·g-1);主要黄酮醇类物质是山奈酚(0.327 2 mg·g-1)。本研究表明,紫露草蓝紫色花的形成可能与二价金属元素Ca、Mg与飞燕草色素及矢车菊色素螯合有关。