基于激光激发叶绿素荧光分析的叶片水分利用效率模型

以无损检测为前提,采用激光为激发光源,对杨树活体叶片进行荧光光谱采集,对采集到的光谱数据进行处理分析得到水分利用效率的荧光光谱敏感波段,建立基于叶片温度修正下的植物水分利用效率与荧光光谱的数学回归模型,模型的复相关系数R2=0.975.并对建立的数学回归模型进行效果检验,相关系数r=0.8746,模型的检测效果较好.     

不同葡萄施药模型选用的对比试验

葡萄施药量应随葡萄冠层生长期变化而相应变化.采用3种施药量调节模型,以达到在葡萄上合理施药的目的.3种模型分别为Unit Canopy Row (UCR)、Leaf Wall Area (LWA)和DOSAVI(N)A.试验结果表明,对于早期葡萄,DOSAVI(N)A和LWA两个模型的沉积量和传统的施药量处理间没有显著性差异;UCR、DOSAVI(N)A和LWA三模型之间也没有显著性差异;在中期,LWA模型和传统的施药量处理在沉积量上仍没有显著性差异,而UCR模型所取得的沉积量显著小于其他3种处理;在后期,传统的施药量仍然取得了最大的沉降量.在所有的试验中,沉积分布(CV值)基本保持一致.     

猪笼草滑移区表面结构参数表征与捕集滑板仿生设计

猪笼草(Nepenthes)叶笼滑移区因具有特殊的表面结构而对昆虫表现出良好的滑移功能。利用扫描电子显微镜和三维白光干涉表面形貌仪对滑移区表面结构进行了显微观测并提取了三维结构参数,结果表明滑移区表面主要由两端略向下弯曲的月骨体和致密无序排列的蜡质晶体组成。基于滑移区表面微结构及其三维参数,利用3DSMAX软件设计了蝗虫捕集滑板的表面结构,为具有良好滑移功能的蝗虫捕集滑板的制造提供了理论基础。     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

基于嗅觉可视化技术的猪肉新鲜度等级评判

利用嗅觉可视化技术对猪肉新鲜度等级进行评判.提取猪肉的挥发性气体与可视化传感器阵列进行反应,用图像处理技术分析反应前后传感器阵列的颜色变化,获取反映新鲜度的气味特征信息.通过主成分分析,选取前10个主成分作为所建立的BP神经网络的输入变量,构建猪肉新鲜度等级判别模型,模型的预测正确率为84.62％.研究结果表明:嗅觉可视化技术可用于猪肉新鲜度等级的快速评价.     

根系分区交替滴灌条件下葡萄根系分布特征及生长动态

采用原位取土法和根系生态监测系统连续两年研究了葡萄的根系空间分布和全生育期根系生长动态,结果表明:葡萄根系在水平方向主要分布在距离树干100 cm的范围内,占到总根系的80％以上,而且在径向方向呈指数衰减;葡萄根系在垂直方向主要分布在0～60 cm范围的土层内,占到总根系的75％以上.根系分区交替滴灌条件下干燥区与湿润区根系生长是不同的,葡萄的新生根系受到土壤水分条件的限制和自身生长的影响.在整个生育期,葡萄根系分区交替滴灌两侧根系生长均呈抛物线变化.     

洁蛋保鲜自动涂膜机

设计了用于洁蛋保鲜高效自动涂膜的洁蛋覆膜机,开发了控制系统,通过试验对设备的性能进行了验证.对电动机频率分别为5、10、15、20、25、30 Hz下的进蛋链条线速度和设备的处理量进行性能测试,验证了装置的实际生产能力.蛋壳表面干燥情况与覆膜状况的试验结果表明,在温度为25℃,相对湿度为60％,喷雾压力为0.6 MPa,单位时间喷雾量为43.6 mL/min,烘干机干燥能力为1.71 kJ/s时,最佳进蛋链条线速度为12.01 mm/s,处理量为4804颗/h,烘干机长度为50 cm,洁蛋干燥时间为4.16s.     

蝗虫对蓝光偏振光和非偏振光的定向响应对比

为给蝗虫灾害光电诱导捕集治理技术中蝗虫诱导光场性质的确定及不同光场的筛选组合提供理论支持,利用LED光谱色非偏振光、蓝光偏振光和行为反应试验装置,进行了不同光照特性的蓝光偏振光场和光谱色非偏振光场对蝗虫定向选择的对比试验,探讨了不同光场对蝗虫定向选择行为影响的机理.结果表明:蓝光偏振光条件下,蝗虫对光谱色非偏振光的趋光定向响应以紫光最优;蝗虫对偏振光和紫光的趋光定向响应对比中,蝗虫对线偏振光和紫光选择的对比率差别最小;蝗虫对偏振光的趋光定向响应取决于偏振光的光照强度,对非偏振光的趋光定向响应取决于光谱色和光照强度;蝗虫敏感光谱色光照强度和蓝光偏振光光照强度对蝗虫趋光响应敏感临界点的差别程度是影响其趋光定向响应选择差异的原因,但就光场光照性质而言,蝗虫敏感光谱色及其光照强度是提高蝗虫诱导率的关键因素.     

对东海区部分新增休渔作业方式的看法与建议

本文概述了东海区灯光嗣网、灯光敷刚、流刺网、蟹笼等捕捞作业的渔场、渔期及其渔业资源利用特点和生产状况,结合目前休渔效果的社会调研情况,综合分析了休渔的预期效果,提出了关于调整休渔时间的看法和建议。     

Dynamics of soil extractable carbon and nitrogen under different cover crop residues

Purpose

Cover crop residue is generally applied to improve soil quality and crop productivity. Improved understanding of dynamics of soil extractable organic carbon (EOC) and nitrogen (EON) under cover crops is useful for developing effective agronomic management and nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies.

Materials and methods

Dynamics of soil extractable inorganic and organic carbon (C) and N pools were investigated under six cover crop treatments, which included two legume crops (capello woolly pod vetch and field pea), three non-legume crops (wheat, Saia oat and Indian mustard), and a nil-crop control (CK) in southeastern Australia. Cover crops at anthesis were crimp-rolled onto the soil surface in October 2009. Soil and crop residue samples were taken over the periods October?CDecember (2009) and March?CMay (2010), respectively, to examine remaining crop residue biomass, soil NH₄ ⁺?N and NO₃ ^??CN as well as EOC and EON concentrations using extraction methods of 2?M KCl and hot water. Additionally, soil net N mineralization rates were measured for soil samples collected in May 2010.

Results and discussion

The CK treatment had the highest soil inorganic N (NH₄ ⁺?N?+?NO₃ ^??CN) at the sampling time in December 2009 but decreased greatly with sampling time. The cover crop treatments had greater soil EOC and EON concentrations than the CK treatment. However, no significant differences in soil NH₄ ⁺?N, NO₃ ^??CN, EOC, EON, and ratios of EOC to EON were found between the legume and non-legume cover crop treatments across the sampling times, which were supported by the similar results of soil net N mineralization rates among the treatments. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that soil EOC in the hot water extracts was mainly affected by soil total C (R ²?=?0.654, P?<?0.001), while the crop residue biomass determined soil EON in the hot water extracts (R ²?=?0.591, P?<?0.001).

Conclusions

The cover crop treatments had lower loss of soil inorganic N compared with the CK treatment across the sampling times. The legume and non-legume cover crop treatments did not significantly differ in soil EOC and EON pools across the sampling times. In addition, the decomposition of cover crop residues had more influence on soil EON than the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), which indicated less N fertilization under cover crop residues. On the other hand, the decomposition of SOM exerted more influence on soil EOC across the sampling times among the treatments, implying different C and N cycling under cover crops.