不同产地瓦松活性成分初步研究

目的:讨论不同产地瓦松提取物活性成分差异,以期为瓦松应用开发提供理论基础。方法:采用系统化学检测法研究瓦松水提物及醇提取物成分差异;采用HPLC法,对水提物正丁醇萃取相进行了讨论,研究其差异。结果:不同产地瓦松水提物及醇提物存在一定差异。结论:相对来说辽宁、黑龙江所产瓦松活性成分较为丰富,相对含量较高。     

Effects of Neutral Phytase Supplementation on Biochemical Parameters in Grass Carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,and Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio,Fed Different Levels of Monocalcium Phosphate

Two 8‐wk studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of neutral phytase supplementation on hemato‐biochemical status, liver biochemical parameter, and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with different levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The control diet was prepared with 2% MCP but without phytase (P2.0). The other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5% MCP, respectively, when supplemented with 500 U/kg neutral phytase in each diet and designated as PP1.5, PP1.0, and PP0.5, respectively. The results indicated that the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, as well as the albumin (ALB) content were increased in grass carp (P < 0.05) and gibel carp (P > 0.05) fed with phytase‐supplemented diets. Meanwhile, the serum cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and total protein contents of the two species of fish were increased in comparison to the control. In addition, dietary phytase inclusion did not significantly affect hepatic ALP, ALT, and AST activities in the two species of carp fed with different levels of MCP. Amylase activity increased in foregut and hindgut of both species when fed with the phytase‐supplemented diets while lipase activity was reduced in the foregut and hindgut in both fish. This study suggests that neutral phytase supplementation increases serum ALP, ALT, and AST activities but does not notably affect these enzyme activities in the liver of the two species of carp when fed different levels of MCP. On the other hand, amylase activity increased while lipase activity was reduced in the intestine of the species of carp fed with phytase‐supplemented diets.     

分形参数理论在动物CT影像处理中的研究

将分形参数理论和现代图像处理技术结合起来,对动物CT影像进行分析和处理,根据在动物骨骼的成像交界处,分形的规律性将会被破坏的基本特征,获取边界处的分形参数值H,从而判断出该处为CT图像的边界。从实验结果看,结合分形理论的分形参数算法对CT图像的处理效果优异,对家庭宠物犬和其它动物疾病的正确诊断和有效治疗提供必要的技术支撑。     

保持公羊精液卫生无菌的措施

公羊包皮、四肢被毛、母台羊、采精及精液处理环境条件、饲养条件、人员操作、精液稀释液等十大因素可能是造成精液污染的主要因素。因此,必须从上述各方面采取技术措施保持精液卫生无菌。     

Excessive nitrogen application decreases grain yield and increases nitrogen loss in a wheat–soil system

Abstract

Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO₃-N concentrations in groundwater and reduced N use efficiency. Three-year field and ¹⁵N tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates on N uptake from basal and topdressing ¹⁵N, N use efficiency, and grain yield in winter wheat plants; and determine the dynamics of N derived from both basal and topdressing ¹⁵N in soil in high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5–84.5% of N accumulated in wheat plants derived from soil, while 6.0–12.5%and 9.2–18.1% derived from basal ¹⁵N and top ¹⁵N fertilizer, respectively. The basal N fertilizer recovery averaged 33.9% in plants, residual averaged 59.2% in 0–200 cm depth soil; the topdressing N fertilizer recovery averaged 50.5% in plants, residual averaged 48.2% in 0–200 cm soil. More top ¹⁵N was accumulated in plants and more remained in 0–100 cm soil rather than in 100–200 cm soil at maturity, compared with the basal ¹⁵N. However, during the period from pre-sowing to pre-wintering, the soil nitrate moved down to deeper layers, and most accumulated in the layers below 140 cm. With an increase of N fertilizer rate, the proportion of the N derived from soil in plants decreased, but that derived from basal and topdressing fertilizer increased; the proportion of basal and top ¹⁵N recovery in plants decreased, and that of residual in soil increased. A moderate application rate of 96–168 kg N ha^?1 led to increases in nitrate content in 0–60 cm soil layer, N uptake amount, grain yield and apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N in wheat. Applying above 240 kg N ha^?1 promoted the downward movement of basal and top ¹⁵N and soil nitrate, but had no significant effect on N uptake amount; the excessive N application also obviously decreased the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N, physiological efficiency and internal N use efficiency. It is suggested that the appropriate application rate of nitrogen on a high-yielding wheat field was 96–168 kg N ha^?1.     

世界鸡蛋主产国生产贸易现状与前景

世界鸡蛋产量持续增长,鸡蛋生产呈现从发达国家向发展中国家转移的趋势,发达国家产量减少,进口量逐渐增长,发展中国家产量持续增加,出口量逐渐增加。世界鸡蛋贸易活跃,鸡蛋进口市场和出口来源以发达国家为主,10大主产国的市场占有率与质量水平发生了一定变化。分析表明,发达国家如美国和德国市场占有率比较高,除日本外发达国家出口鸡蛋的质量水平有所提高。依托于比较优势和科技进步,发展中国家鸡蛋产业将逐步提高市场竞争力,在世界蛋品市场上获得更好的贸易绩效。     

利用有益微生物菌调控池塘水质效果试验

在高温季节,对高密度养殖池塘每10 d泼洒1次EM复合菌,施用量为每次600 g/(667 m2.m),使用后试验池水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐等有害物质及总磷、总氮含量显著下降,溶氧量增加。水质改善后,鱼类的体质增强、发病率下降,水质调控效果较显著。经测算,试验池养殖成本降低354.0元/667 m2,鱼病发生率降低32.2%,增产28.0 kg/667m2,7-9月平均节水1 036 t/667 m2。     

PLC特性及其在碱回收系统中的应用设计

介绍了s7—400PLC的主要特性以及该系统的实现，重点给出了系统的下位机硬件和软件设计，并结合佳木斯造纸厂碱回收系统的设计讨论了PLC的应用。     

发酵床技术在猪生产中的应用

针对发酵床养猪技术的原理及其在养猪生产中的应用效果和存在问题等方面作一综述。