魔芋软腐病侵染规律试验研究初报

魔芋生产系陕西省安康地区农民增收的重要项目。但是,随着种植年限的增加,软腐病逐年加重,严重地影响魔芋生产。由于魔芋病害研究工作开展较少,迄今魔芋软腐病的侵染循环规律尚未见报道。为了探索魔芋软腐病的侵染规律,有效指导大田防治,开展了此项研究。１　试验设计与方法试验设３个处理。①切芋播种前在软腐病菌液中浸种１ｍｉｎ;②整芋播种前在菌液里浸种１ｍｉｎ;③整芋消毒后播种作对照。种芋消毒方法为播种前１ｄ用５０％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂６００倍液浸种３０ｍｉｎ后捞出晾干。每小区播种３０窝（芋种单个重量约５０ｇ,…     

湖南省农产品加工业发展现状及对策

农产品加工业是国民经济的重要支柱产业,具有广阔的发展前景.本文详细介绍了湖南省农产品加工业的发展现状,分析了制约湖南农产品加工业发展的主要因素,并就湖南省农产品加工业的发展思路、发展重点及对策措施等提出了意见和建议.     

中国18 省市番茄晚疫病菌生理小种的鉴定

 利用5 个含有不同单显性抗番茄晚疫病基因的番茄材料Ts19、Ts33、W1Va700、LA1033 和L3708为鉴别寄主, 对我国18 省、市、自治区的番茄晚疫病菌201 个纯化分离物进行了生理小种鉴定。结果共鉴定出8 个小种, 即生理小种T0、T1、T1 ,2 、T1 ,2 ,3 、T1 ,2 ,3 ,4 、T1 ,4 、T1 ,2 ,4 和T3。其中, 小种T1 和T1 , 2是主流小种, 地理分布最广和发生频率最高, 分别在13 和11 个省市出现, 占样本总数的28.8 %和28.4 %;其次是小种T0 和T1 ,2 ,3 , 分别在8 和7 个省市出现, 分别占1819 %和819 %; 再其次是小1 ,2 ,3 ,4 , 在4个省市有发生, 占710 %; 小种T1 ,2 ,4 、T1 ,4 和T3 分布均少, 仅在1～2 个省市发生, 分别占3.0 %、2.5 %和2.5 %。这是我国的首次报道, 为番茄晚疫病的抗源材料筛选和抗病育种提供了病理学依据。     

Structural characterization of lignin in the process of cooking of cornstalk with solid alkali and active oxygen

A novel, efficient, and environmentally friendly technology is used in cornstalk cooking, active oxygen (O? and H?O?) cooking with solid alkali (MgO). After the cooking, the milled wood lignin in the raw material and pulp and the water-soluble and insoluble lignin in the yellow liquor were all characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR. The results showed that the cooking procedure with solid alkali and active oxygen had a high selectivity for delignification, which could remove 85.5% of the lignin from the raw material. The syringyl (S/S'/S') units could be dissolved preferentially because of their high reactivity, and a novel guaiacyl unit with a carbonyl group (G') was generated in the cooking process. Moreover, during the cooking, the β-O-4' (A/A'/A″) structures as the main side-chain linkages in all the lignins could be partly broken and the β-O-4' (A') with a ring-conjugated structure was readily attacked by oxygen, whereas the H unit and β-5' and β-β' structures were found to stay stable without characteristic reaction.     

衣原体单克隆抗体在规模化牛羊场相关抗体的检测中的应用

采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,研制出的抗衣原体单克隆抗体(McAb),应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法,对本地区所采的1361份牛血清,698份羊血清进行检测,结果:牛血清阳性检出率为9.18%,羊为22.06%。选择牛羊血清各50份用已建立的检测衣原体抗体ELISA方法与传统的间接血凝试验(IHA)进行比较,其敏感性高。牛血清ELISA阳性检出率为32%,IHA为24%,ELISA比IHA试验高出8个百分点。羊血清ELISA阳性检出率为26%,IHA为22%,前者比IHA高出4个百分点。     

Design and Synthesis of Novel Phenylahistin Derivatives Based on Co-Crystal Structures as Potent Microtubule Inhibitors for Anti-Cancer Therapy

Phenylahistin is a naturally occurring marine product with a diketopiperazine structure that can bind to the colchicine site of microtubulin as a possible anticancer agent. To develop more potent microtubule inhibitors, novel phenylahistin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the co-crystal complexes of phenylahistin derivatives and microtubulin. We established a focused library of imidazole-type molecules for the introduction of different groups to the C-ring and A-ring of phenylahistin. Structure–activity relationship studies indicated that appropriate hydrocarbon substituents and unsaturated alkenyl substituents at the 1-position of the imidazole group are important for improving the activity of such compounds. In addition, this study found that propylamine groups could maintain the activity of these compounds, as exemplified by compound 16d (IC₅₀ = 5.38 nM, NCI-H460). Compound 15p (IC₅₀ = 1.03 nM, NCI-H460) with an allyl group exhibited potent cytotoxic activity at the nanomolar level against human lung cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that compound 15p could efficiently inhibited microtubule polymerization and induced a high expression of caspase-3. 15p also displayed good pharmacokinetic characteristics in vitro. Additionally, the growth of H22 transplanted tumors was significantly inhibited in BALB/c mice when 15p alone was administered at 4 mg/kg, and the tumor inhibition rate was as much as 65%. Importantly, the continuous administration of 15p resulted in a lower toxicity than that of docetaxel (10 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). Overall, the novel allyl-imidazole-diketopiperazine-type derivatives could be considered safe and effective potential agents for cancer treatment.     

广东省东莞市2010—2014年猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体监测与分析

利用ELISA方法对猪伪狂犬病野毒（gE）抗体进行检测,分析2010—2014年连续5年来自东莞32个镇街820个养猪场点12 108份血清的检测结果。分析发现：2010—2012年,东莞猪伪狂犬病野毒感染程度整体呈下降趋势,2012年阳性率最低（8.37%）,2013年开始反弹,2014年达到46.97%;每年各季度均能检出伪狂犬病毒gE抗体,其中2014年第二季度的检出率最高,但在第四季度有所回落。分析认为,2013年后东莞市猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体阳性率上升的原因可能是出现了新变异毒株;定期监测猪群的伪狂犬病毒gE抗体水平,尤其是种猪,及时淘汰阳性猪,仍是控制猪伪狂犬病的重要手段。     

Proteomics-based analysis reveals that Verticillium dahliae toxin induces cell death by modifying the synthesis of host proteins

Verticillium dahliae is one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause vascular wilt diseases in a wide range of important crop plants, including cotton. However, the mechanisms used by this pathogen to infect cotton have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we first investigated changes in protein abundance during the initial interaction between cotton roots and V. dahliae. Among the proteins that were upregulated upon infection, some were related to reactive oxygen species (ROS); among those downregulated upon infection were proteins involved in normal metabolism or cell structure. Further experiments confirmed that a sudden release of ROS and cell death accompany V. dahliae infection in the cotton vasculature. Further analysis indicated that a culture supernatant of V. dahliae induced lesion formation in tobacco leaves; de novo protein synthesis not active gene expression was required for this induction. Lesion formation was dependent on the age of leaves, but neither the known ROS burst nor the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system are prerequisites.