水稻条纹叶枯病的研究 Ⅳ.病叶细胞的病理变化

在水稻条纹叶枯病叶超薄切片的电镜检查中,可见一些叶肉细胞和维管束鞘细胞中叶绿体有不同程度的降解和淀粉粒累积,一些细胞不同程度坏死,叶肉细胞、维管束鞘细胞以及伴胞的细胞质或液泡中有一个或多个蛋白体存在,一些伴胞中有特异性的非外壳蛋白存在,一些细胞中有一些不定形的粒状内含体或砂状结构,而在病株的不同叶位,这种砂状结构数量不同,以+1叶所见最多.研究结果还佐证了前文有关叶绿体中淀粉粒的过量累积可能引起叶绿体的破坏及其后叶片褪绿病斑形成的假说,并推测这可能是同化产物的运输通道受到影响的结果.     

大豆性状整齐度与产量的关系

观察测定了同一品种在同一条件下大豆性状的整齐度，同一品种在不同条件下性状的整齐度，不同品种在同一条件下性状的整齐度，统计分析了性状整齐度与实收产量之间的关系，结果表明，要获得大豆高产稳产，应注意植株间荚数和粒数的整齐度。     

预测二化螟的生物学参数和数学模型

本文研究了种植杂交稻后,二化螟的发育历期、积温、期距、繁殖能力、种群生存率和为害量等参数,并组建了预测模型.     

农业高校社会化服务功能的实践与思考

西北农林科技大学坚持产学研紧密结合的办学模式,在农业科技推广人才队伍建设、网络体系建设、体制与机制创新等方面进行深入的探索和实践,初步建成了"以杨凌为中心,立足陕西,面向西北,辐射全国"的农业科技推广服务网络,社会化服务化功能不断增强.     

广州白云山不同林分修复模式秋冬季土壤线虫群落结构特点

对广州市白云山6种林分修复模式下土壤线虫群落结构进行了调查研究,共得到土壤线虫7184头,分别隶属于37科63属。不同修复模式对土壤动物群落的组成和数量具有较大的影响。从季节变化来看,秋末冬初时线虫种类和数量均高于冬季。从土壤动物类群数量的垂直分布来看,总体趋势是随着土壤层次的加深而递减。食细菌类群和植物寄生类群土壤深度间差异显著(p0.05),植物寄生类群和杂食/捕食类群在不同样地间差异显著(p0.05)。生态学指数中Iw和线虫成熟指数(Im)在土层间差异显著(p0.01)。在不同调查层和修复模式中的丰富度最大的是食细菌类群线虫。     

春秋季节不同品种茶鲜叶芳香物质成分分析

首次使用顶空固相微萃取/气象色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术分析了10个不同品种春茶及秋茶鲜叶中的芳香物质组分及含量。结果表明,在10个不同品种的春、秋茶鲜叶中均检测出70余种挥发性化合物,主要包含酯类、醇类、烯类、烷烃类、酮类、醛类,其中酯类及醇类为主要物质。同时对春、秋茶鲜叶中主要芳香物质成分及含量做了比较,酯类及醇类(芳樟醇)是茶鲜叶香气成分的主要来源,且春茶鲜叶中具有花香的芳香物质含量要比秋茶中的含量高。     

玉米F_2群体中偏分离RFLP标记在染色体上的分布及原因分析

研究了利用玉米85个 DNA 限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记在玉米自交系7922与5003杂交 F2群体中的分离。结果表明,8.33%的标记显著或极显著地偏离了预期的孟德尔比例而表现偏分离,发现了2个偏分离的染色体热点,即第1染色体上的 umc128-umc107和第3染色体上的 asg24-asg48,其偏分离形成的主要原因是存在配子体选择。     

小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫抗性的鉴定与分析

为了寻找抗吸浆虫的小麦品种或种质材料,采用田间自然鉴定法鉴定了90份小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫的抗性,结果表明,不同小麦品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫具有明显的抗性差异。对各种类型的材料分析表明,对麦红吸浆虫表现高抗、中抗、低抗、感虫类型的小麦品种(系)分别占参试品种(系)的4.44%、15.56%、61.11%、18.89%。不同小麦品种(系)具有不同的抗虫性,其单穗虫数、穗被害率、粒被害率、损失率、抗性指数均有较大差异。其中表现高抗的品种(系)有4个,表现中抗的有18个,这些品种(系)可作为抗麦红吸浆虫的主栽和后备品种,或作为亲本材料提供给生产和育种利用。     

Effects of stocking density, diet, and water exchange on growth and survival of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima larvae

Three experiments were carried out to separately investigate the effects of stocking density (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 larvae ml^?1), diet (Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, Chlorella spp., Nannochloropsis oculata, 50 % I. zhanjiangensis/50 % Chlorella spp. and 50 % I. zhanjiangensis/50 % N. oculata), and water exchange (25 % once every other day and 25, 50 and 100 % once daily) on growth and survival of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima larvae. Results showed that there existed significant effects of stocking density, diet, and water exchange on the growth of pearl oyster larvae (P < 0.05). Larval survival was significantly affected by stocking density and diet (P < 0.05), but not by water exchange (P > 0.05). Larval growth decreased significantly with increasing stocking density (P < 0.05). A density of 1.0–4.0 larvae ml^?1 was optimal for larval growth of pearl oyster. Chlorella spp. and N. oculata could replace 50 % of I. zhanjiangensis as a food source for the pearl oyster larvae without affecting growth and survival. A water exchange of 25 % once daily provided optimum larval growth and survival.     

Effect of intermittent starvation on growth and some antioxidant indexes of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan)

The effect of different periods of starvation (0, 2, 4 and 8 days) followed by re-feeding on growth, feed utilization, oxygen consumption and some immune indexes [reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] was evaluated over an 18-day experimental period in shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) that had an initial body weight of 0.52 g. As a result of compensatory growth, indicated by an increase in specific growth rate (SGR), feeding rate (FR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) after re-feeding, final body weight of shrimp starved for 2 days (0.63 g) and 4 days (0.65 g) did not differ ( P >0.05) from the control group (0.64 g), with feed withholding for 8 days presenting a significant lower value (0.63 g). Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) decreased during the starvation period in all groups, followed by a gradual increase to a similar ( P >0.05) value than found in the control group (0.47 mg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹) at the end of the experiment. Although ROIs and the activity of SOD and CAT fluctuated during starvation in the feed-deprived groups, values at the termination of the experiment were comparable ( P >0.05) to those found for the control group.