气候变化对呼伦贝尔草地地上生物量的影响

基于温、压、湿、风等主要气象资料,结合生长季逐月的地上生物量实测数据,分析气候变化及气候年型对牧草产量形成的影响,结果表明:(1)两站降水量呈波动变化,无明显的变化趋势;(2)额尔古纳和鄂温克的年均气温呈显著升高的趋势,气温倾向率分别为0.348℃/10 a、0.444℃/10 a,增温速率均明显高于同期中国东北地区,其中,鄂温克的增温速率高于中国增温最迅速的青藏地区;(3)额尔古纳和鄂温克潜在蒸散量呈波动升高的趋势;(4)两站湿润度呈显著的波动下降趋势,气候呈较明显的变干燥趋势;(5)湿润状况影响两站地上生物量形成,气候偏旱年草原地上生物量的形成会受到显著的抑制,两站草地地上生物量均与当月及上个月的湿润度指数呈线性回归关系。     

Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and spatial spillover effect of green development efficiency: Evidence from Shandong Province,China

Improving green development efficiency is urgently required, yet challenging, since it comprehensively reflects the bidirectional evolutionary relationship between regional development and resource and environmental consumption. The issue of regional green development efficiency has become a key topic; however, where the increase in efficiency originates and its spatial spillover effect remains unclear to date. Therefore, the spatial spillover effect of the green development efficiency of Shandong Province was quantified through the slack variable (SBM)-Undesirable and Spatial Durbin model. The green development efficiency showed clear spatial differentiation in Shandong Province. This was more obvious than the polarized development trend of the provincial capital circle that has Jinan at its core and the eastern coastal region with Qingdao at its core. Green development efficiency has a significant spatial spillover effect. The regression coefficient of the direct effect of the economic development level is positive. The regression coefficient of the indirect effect of the marketization level and government financial support level is negative. Science and technology played a positive role in the promotion of the green development efficiency of local and neighboring cities. This study contributes empirical evidence to the green development efficiency associated with regional development and resource and environment consumption of Shandong Province.     

Rural land reforms and villagers' preferences for urban settlement: A case study of Shandong Province,China

Based on surveys conducted in Shandong Province, China, this paper examined the interests of rural residents to move to and settle in cities, as well as the factors that motivate or discourage their potential settlement changes. Results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that villagers' urban settlement preference was related to sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, and occupation. Overall, the separation of the “three rights” (collective ownership, land contract right, and land use right) associated with rural land has strengthened the urban settlement preference of rural residents. Nevertheless, we did not find significant association between land transfer and the preference for urban settlement. For villagers who expressed interest in urban settlement, better job opportunities, education opportunities, and higher income are the leading “pull” factors that would attract them to cities. The attachment to rural life, high living costs, and high housing prices in cities were the top concerns for villagers who did not want to move. The study also found that villagers' desired urban destinations changed with the changing land parameters, indicating that the outcomes of China's rural land reforms may not be aligned well with the policy goals laid in the country's urbanization and rural development plans.     

炭基肥对马铃薯品质和产量的影响

生物炭与化肥混合加工制成的炭基肥具有改良土壤,保水保肥,延长肥效的作用。为了给内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯生产中合理施用炭基肥提供理论依据,以‘克新1号’品种为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了0、300、600、900、1200 kg/hm²炭基肥及等量N、P、K化肥对马铃薯产量、品质和效益的影响。结果表明：随着炭基肥施肥量的增加,马铃薯产量逐渐增加。炭基肥施用量300、600、900、1200 kg/hm²的产量分别较对照增产26.01%、34.77%、43.39%、49.71%,差异达到显著或极显著水平。1200 kg/hm²的炭基肥施肥量下,马铃薯单株结薯数、单薯重、大薯率均高于对照。块茎直链淀粉含量显著高于对照,支链淀粉含量、淀粉总含量和蛋白质含量虽表现出增加的趋势,但与对照差异未达显著水平。各炭基肥处理均可降低块茎还原糖含量,且600、900、1200 kg/hm²处理与对照相比差异达到了显著水平。等量N、P、K条件下,施炭基肥的马铃薯单株结薯数、单薯重、大薯率、产量、块茎直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉和蛋白质含量以及效益均高于化肥,还原糖含量低于化肥。炭基肥施用量为1200 kg/hm²的产量、品质和效益最好,是适合阴山北麓地区马铃薯种植的施肥量。     

初探土壤有机质测定方法的改进

基于榆林乃至黄土高原地区土壤有机质含量水平普遍偏低的现状,采用经典土壤有机质测定方法,滴定所用的硫酸亚铁（铵）消耗量很大,甚至与空白接近,耗时又消耗化学试剂。笔者选取69个有机质含量在2.0~30 g/kg的土样,采用经典土壤有机质测定方法和减半使用K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂SO₄溶液的情况下测定有机质含量,其他条件不变,进行对比。结果表明,经典方法与改进方法,当有机质含量≤8.7 g/kg时,100%的数据符合平行测定允许差;随着土壤有机质含量增加,2种方法测定土壤有机质含量差异越来越大,当有机质含量＞15.2 g/kg时,修订方法的测定结果均低于经典方法的测定结果,且只有27%的数据能满足平行测定允许差,不宜采用上述测定方法。该有机质测定改进方法,特别是当有机质含量≤8.7 g/kg时,既节约了化学试剂,又节省了配置试剂和滴定所用的时间,提高了工作效率也不影响测定结果的准确性。     

低温胁迫下三七一年生紫、绿地上茎植株抗氧化能力的研究

旨在探究三七地上茎积累花色苷对其抗寒性的效应。研究了冰水模拟低温胁迫下三七一年生紫、绿地上茎植株叶片可溶性蛋白质和丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶比活力。结果表明,在冰水模拟低温胁迫下,紫、绿地上茎植株叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)比活力及绿地上茎植株叶片的MDA含量均上升,紫、绿茎植株叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)比活力及紫茎植株叶片的MDA含量均下降,且紫茎叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和CAT比活力的升幅及绿茎叶片POD和SOD比活力的降幅均更大;在冰水处理结束时,紫茎植株叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量、POD和SOD的比活力均高于绿茎的,但CAT比活力和MDA含量略低于绿茎的。但是,紫、绿茎植株叶片的可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量及抗氧化酶比活力的差异均未达到显著水平。因此,三七地上茎积累花色苷利于其抗寒。     

NaCl筛选法获得无标记耐盐转基因水稻的高效转化技术研究

NaCl筛选法是培养无标记耐盐转基因水稻的有效方法。以中华11、秀水11、春江06这3个粳稻品种成熟胚愈伤组织为材料,以SKC1为目标基因,研究NaCl筛选条件下,热激与液体共培养对农杆菌介导耐盐基因转化水稻效率的影响。结果显示,热激处理和液体共培养都能提高耐盐基因对水稻的转化率,其中,热激处理最高转化提高率达到46.2%,液体共培养后最高转化提高率达到60.7%。     

Effects of different preparation methods onphotocatalytic activity of Fe3+/TiO2

Two kinds of Fe3+/TiO2 catalysts are prepared by Sol-gel method and hydrolysis method. XRD, UV-Vis, BET, curves of N 2 adsorption-desorption and 3D fluorescence are used to analyze the structures and properties of the catalysts, and their photocatalytic activities are investigated through degradation of DBP. The results show that two kinds of catalysts are anatase TiO 2. The band gap of the Fe3+/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by Sol-gel and hydrolysis method are 2.6 eV and 3.2 eV respectively, and the former with an absorption edge at 477 nm, while the latter with no redshift. The curves of N 2 adsorption-desorption of the Fe3+/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by Sol-gel and hydrolysis method are type Ⅳ and Ⅴ, their BET specific surface areas are 57.03 m2/g and 10.94 m2/g, and the hysteresis loop of the latter shifts to the high relative pressure region with a smaller pore volume and a bigger average pore diameter. Two kinds of catalysts can reduce photoluminescence properties of TiO 2 at various degrees, and the catalyst prepared by Sol-gel method shows a weaker photoluminescence property. The results of degradation experiment show the degradation rate of DBP by catalyst prepared by Sol-gel method and hydrolysis method are 60.53% and 31.83% respectively after 2 h.     

QRS complexes detection using quadratic b-spline wavelet transform algorithm

Aiming at the low accuracy and low adaptability of wave detection, a QRS complexes detection algorithm is proposed based on quadratic b-spline wavelet, while combined with binary search algorithm and arc approximating curve algorithm. The signal is decomposed with quadratic b-spline wavelet through Mallat algorithm and the R wave is detected by adjusting the threshold with binary search and modulus maximumizing. The T wave and P wave are detected by using arc approximating curve algorithm based on the least square. This algorithm is certified with the ECG signals from MIT-BIH database and is demonstrated that the algorithm enhanced the adaptability of R wave detection and improved the accuracy of T wave and P wave detection. The simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the automatic detection capabilities of ECG signals.     

保定市工业废水农灌的研究

本文论述了保定市工业废水经农灌土地处理,对土壤、地下水和农作物品质的影响。结果表明:以造纸、食品、轻纺和化工为主的工业废水在重金属常年不超出农灌标准下,宜于在非盐化土壤灌溉;废水中硫化物超标,通过土壤生物区系,能降低毒性;废水中常规有机物,农灌后利大于害;只要在土壤容量允许内,可具有二级污水处理工艺不能完成的效果。