红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋营养成分分析

[目的]探究龟蛋的营养价值,为其开发利用提供科学依据.[方法]以同一产蛋时间(3~5d)的红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋各200枚为试验材料,分别分离蛋清和蛋黄,搅拌均匀,取样检测2种龟蛋的基本营养成分、胆固醇含量、氨基酸组成及脂肪酸含量与组成.[结果]红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋的径长分别为3.08和3.81 cm,径宽分别为2.30和2.37 cm,蛋重分别为10.73和10.26 g/枚,差异均不显著(P>0.05,下同).红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋蛋清水分含量分别为96.69%和97.42%,灰分含量分别为0.36%和0.49%,粗蛋白含量分别为1.98%和1.59%,粗脂肪含量分别为0.85%和0.54%,差异均不显著;蛋黄水分含量分别为56.27%和55.16%,灰分含量分别为2.45%和3.08%,粗蛋白含量分别为25.89%和26.62%,粗脂肪含量分别为15.70%和13.99%,其中灰分和粗脂肪含量差异显著(P<0.05,下同).2种龟蛋的蛋清和蛋黄均检测出17种水解氨基酸,其中谷氨酸含量最高.红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋蛋清中氨基酸总量分别为42.27和42.64 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量分别为14.95和14.92 g/100 g,呈味氨基酸总量分别为16.16和16.27 g/100 g,差异均不显著;蛋黄中氨基酸总量分别为47.46和50.76 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量分别为16.85和17.90 g/100 g,呈味氨基酸总量分别为17.98和19.02 g/100 g,其中氨基酸总量差异显著.红耳龟蛋蛋黄和蛋清及中华花龟蛋蛋黄的第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,中华花龟蛋蛋清的第一限制氨基酸为缬氨酸.2种龟蛋蛋黄中均检测出饱和脂肪酸8种,不饱和脂肪酸11种,红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋蛋黄中饱和脂肪酸含量分别为38.65%和35.46%,不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为58.19%和60.63%,差异均不显著.其中,饱和脂肪酸均以十五烷酸含量最高,硬脂酸次之;不饱和脂肪酸均以十七碳烯酸甲酯含量最高,银杏酸次之.2种龟蛋蛋黄胆固醇含量分别为9.83和11.14 mg/g,差异不显著.[结论]红耳龟蛋和中华花龟蛋营养价值差异小,均是高蛋白低脂肪、富含氨基酸、低胆固醇的高营养价值蛋类食品,值得开发利用.     

公共财政支持"三农"发展的对策研究

中国自古以来都是以农业大国闻名世界,精耕细作、小农经济是传统中国经济的象征。所 以,中国政府也一直致力于农业的发展建设。目前,“三农”问题是中国共产党所要改善和提升的主要 对象。国内基层群众大部分都属于农民。由此可见,推动农业的发展是当前中国共产党势在必行的 任务。     

Phenolic extract of Morchella angusticeps peck inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro by inducing the signal transduction pathway of p38/MAPK

Morchella angusticeps Peck, one of the most popular edible mushrooms, has attracted great attention due to its delicious taste and healthy properties. However, both its biological effects and the possible mechanism of action have not yet been known. We investigated the anti-proliferative activity of the phenolic extract derived from Morchella angusticeps Peck (MPE) against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results showed that MPE at non-cytotoxicity doses significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with inhibitory rates ranging from 18 to 90% (P<0.01). The possible mechanism might be that MPE induced apoptosis through initiating the mitochondrial death pathway by regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. On the other hand, MPE might trigger cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁/S phases by managing p21, Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases-4 (CDK4) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Additionally, MPE downregulated TRAF-2 and p-p53, while upregulated p-ASK1 and p-p38. Therefore, it could be inferred that MPE might induce the anti-proliferative function to HepG2 cells through the p38/MAPK signal transduction pathway.     

基于CiteSpace可视化分析的茶叶香气研究进展

以1979—2019年WOS(Web of science)和CNKI(China national knowledge infrastructure)收录的茶叶香气品质相关文献为研究对象,采用CiteSpace文献计量方法分别从年代、作者、机构、国家、研究热点、演进趋势等方面进行归纳统计分析。结果表明,2006年以后相关研究文献呈显著增长趋势,目前已形成稳定的核心作者群,但各群体间的合作研究相对较少;在该研究领域,我国影响力最大,其次是日本和美国;热点研究内容主要集中在香气形成机理、香气物质提取方法、检测手段及关键香气物质等方面。综上结果,结合时区图谱,进一步指出茶叶香气的研究历程及目前所处的发展阶段。     

不同花生品种对花生果腐病的抗性鉴定

采用自然病圃鉴定法,对76个花生品种（系）进行了花生果腐病抗性评价,以期为抗病育种及田间病害防 治提供理论依据和抗性材料。结果表明,不同花生品种间对花生果腐病的抗性存在着显著差异,供试76份花生品 种（系）中未发现对果腐病免疫的品种,获得高抗品种2个,抗病品种7个,中抗品种12个,感病品种21个,高感品种 33个。聚类分析结果表明,分支I中的9个品种（尤其是花育9115）抗性较好,可进一步加以利用。花生对果腐病的 抗感性与荚果鲜重之间不存在显著相关。     

Abnormal development of genital organs in offspring male mice exposed to finasteride during pregnancy

AIM: To investigate the effects of finasteride exposure during pregnancy on the development of reproductive organs in offspring male mice. METHODS: CD-1 mice were treated with finasteride from 0 to 17 d after conception. The development of reproductive organs in the offspring male mice were observed by macroscopy, anatomical analysis and histological staining. The spermatogenesis was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation showed that fenasteride exposure during pregnancy resulted in external genital malformations in the offspring male mice, which were manifested as incomplete scrotal fusion and penile malformation. In addition, the anogenital distance was significantly shortened (P<0.01). Histological staining showed that the length of penis at each stage was significantly shortened (P<0.01), the density of seminiferous tubules in testis and mature spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the luminal space size of seminiferous tubules and interstitial space size of testises were significantly increased (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the densities of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and spermatogonium in testis were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in spermatogenic tubule cells was increased significantly (P<0.01). However, the fluorescence intensity of Ki67 and desert hedgehog (Dhh) was decreased significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Finasteride exposure during pregnancy results in abnormal development of reproductive organs in offspring male mice and affects spermatogenesis.     

枣AP2/ERF转录因子鉴定及其响应枣疯病植原体表达分析

利用生物信息学方法,从植物转录因子数据库和NCBI数据库中分别得到175和164个候选的枣AP2/ERF转录因子序列,使用DNAMAN软件进行序列比对、去除重复序列,采用SMART软件预测蛋白结构域发现,枣基因组中包含有145个AP2/ERF基因,其中ERF、AP2、RAV亚家族分别含有116个、23个、5个,另有1个独立基因。预测枣AP2/ERF转录因子氨基酸数量在111 ~ 692之间,分子量在12 446.87 ~ 76 154.10之间,pI在4.31 ~ 10.11之间。鉴定出的145个AP2/ERF转录因子,105个分别定位到12条染色体上,40个未能定位。在此基础上,利用嫁接病芽方法将枣疯病植原体转至健康枣植株,通过转录组测序和qRT-PCR手段,分析了AP2/ERF转录因子对枣植原体侵染的响应,在植原体侵染枣的6个不同时期,枣AP2/ERF表达数量和表达量均不相同,共有48个差异表达基因,其中ZjAP2*9、ZjERF49和ZjERF91是响应枣疯病植原体最为重要的AP2/ERF转录因子。     

Importance of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in high glucose-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis

AIM: To investigate the role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in high glucose(HG)-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. METHODS: Cardiac myocytes were exposed to normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L glucose+ 19.5 mmol/L mannitol), HG (25 mmol/L glucose), or HG combined with 5 μmol/L spermine for 72 h. Mitochondrial free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_m), MCU at mRNA and protein levels, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m), the levels of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were determined. RESULTS: The [Ca²⁺]_m, the mRNA and protein levels of MCU, PDH activity, ATP levels, and Δψ_m were reduced (P<0.05), while ROS content and the protein levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were increased in HG group (P<0.05). Adding 5 μmol/L spermine returned these parameters toward control levels (P<0.05). Moreover, apoptosis was reduced by adding spermine and HG treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HG-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis may be associated with the decreased MCU expression and activity, abnormal mitochondrial Ca²⁺ handling, deviant mitochon-drial respiratory chain, and mitochondrial dysfunction.     

施肥方式对沃柑果实产量和外观品质的影响

为验证沃柑测土配方施肥的效果,推进化肥减量增效,探究有机肥、中微量元素肥料与化肥配施对沃柑果实产量和外观品质的效应,在沃柑园设置随机区组小区精确试验,试验处理包括当地习惯施肥、测土配方推荐施肥、优化施肥、优化施肥兼叶面喷施0.2%硼酸、优化施肥兼叶面喷施0.05%钼酸铵、优化施肥兼叶面喷施4%硫酸镁。结果表明,测土配方推荐施肥相较于习惯施肥增产效果显著。在同等养分施用量的情况下,用有机肥代替部分化肥处理与全化肥处理比较产量无显著差异,但前者比后者增效4.03%。在土壤交换性镁贫乏的情况下,沃柑叶面施镁可以获得极显著而稳定的增产效果。在土壤不缺硼的情况下,叶面施硼可能无效。在土壤有效钼不足时沃柑叶面施钼能够增产,但连年施用效果不稳定。由此可见,伴随果实外观品质的提升,化肥减量增效在沃柑生产上是可行的;沃柑施肥的增产潜力较大,如果配方和选材得当,可以发挥更大效益。