金黄色葡萄球菌对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路和相关修复因子的影响

采用金黄色葡萄球菌侵袭原代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,观察该病原菌对乳腺上皮细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路关键蛋白和相关修复因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA表达的影响。金黄色葡萄球菌以MOI=1∶1的比例接种奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,分别作用0,15,30,45,60,120,240 min,采用Western blot法检测乳腺上皮细胞β-catenin、Cyclin D1及c-Myc蛋白表达水平;免疫荧光法检测β-catenin的表达及核易位;荧光定量PCR检测EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA表达。结果显示,β-catenin蛋白在45,60,120 min表达量升高,与0 min相比差异显著(P<0.05);Cyclin D1蛋白在45,60,120和240 min表达量升高,差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);c-Myc蛋白在15,30,60,120,240 min表达量升高,差异极显著(P<0.01)。修复相关因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA的表达量在30 min均出现极显著升高(P<0.01),且VEGF基因mRNA在45,60,120和240 min均呈现极显著升高(P<0.01),EGFR基因mRNA表达量在30,45和60 min时表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌侵袭奶牛乳腺上皮细胞后,诱导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的转导和修复因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因转录,该信号通路和修复因子可能参与金黄色葡萄球菌导致的炎症和细胞损伤的修复过程。     

呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征对不同放牧制度的响应

对呼伦贝尔草甸草原划区轮牧和自由放牧两种放牧制度植物群落特征进行了比较研究.结果表明:羊草的密度在自由放牧区显著高于划区轮牧区,高度、盖度不同放牧处理之间差异不明显;贝加尔针茅高度和盖度轮牧区显著高于自由放牧区,密度对照区显著高于两放牧处理区;苔草高度、盖度和密度自由放牧区高于划区轮牧区.Margalef丰富度指数、S...     

Evaluation of in vitro chemosensitivity of vaccine-associated feline sarcoma cell lines to vincristine and paclitaxel

OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro sensitivity of 4 vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (VAFS) cell lines to the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and paclitaxel. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cell lines derived from 4 VAFS specimens. PROCEDURES: Cell lines were cultured in vitro and individually exposed to various concentrations of vincristine and paclitaxel. Survival was estimated after 24 and 72 hours of exposure to each drug, and the drug concentrations that resulted in 50 and 90% reduction in number of viable cells (IC50 and IC90, respectively) were calculated. RESULTS: Both vincristine and paclitaxel had significant dose-dependent effects on the viability of the VAFS cell lines. After 72 hours of drug exposure, the IC50 and IC90 of vincristine for the 4 cell lines were between 0.005 to 0.039 microg/ml and 0.045 to 1.027 microg/ml, respectively. The IC50 and IC90 values for paclitaxel were between 0.037 to 0.092 microg/ml and 2.450 to 15.413 microg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results of pharmacokinetic studies on vincristine and paclitaxel in other species suggest that concentrations greater than the IC50 values may be possible for both drugs in feline patients as well. The drug concentrations at which viable cell numbers were reduced by 90% may also be attained in vivo for some cases, but detailed information is needed regarding the distribution, concentration, duration of availability, and toxicity of various drugs in cats. Carefully chosen combinations of antineoplastic agents need to be screened to identify treatment protocols that may be further evaluated clinically for the treatment of VAFS.     

基于当量因子法的甘肃省草原生态系统服务价值评估

天然草原是甘肃省最大陆地生态系统,是全省乃至全国的重要生态屏障,科学、准确地估算甘肃省天然草原生态系统服务价值,对甘肃草原重要性认识和生态安全维持具有重要意义.本研究利用甘肃省主要粮食作物产量和价格数据,计算出甘肃省生态系统服务价值基准单价,然后结合甘肃省各种草原类生物量,修正甘肃省草原生态系统服务价值当量,最后计算出甘肃省各类草原生态系统服务价值.结果表明:1)草原提供的其他单项生态系统服务价值均在食物生产和原材料生产价值的3.1倍和3.7倍以上;2)甘肃省暖性灌草丛单位面积生态服务价值最高,为84418.28元·hm?2,温性荒漠单位面积生态服务价值最低,为10120.21元·hm?2;3)甘肃省草原生态服务总价值为7069.73×108元,是2016年畜牧业总产值的23倍,约等于甘肃省2016年国民生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP);4)高寒草甸生态系统服务总价值最高,为1733.27×108元,占草原生态系统服务价值的24.52％;高寒荒漠生态系统服务总价值最低,为58.51×108元,占草原生态服务价值的0.83％.本研究不仅为区域内生态系统服务价值的估算提供了思路,也为利用法律手段保护草原提供了科学依据.     

Seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China

Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that cause a wide range of significant diseases in humans and animals worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. Chlamydial infection in cattle has been reported in many countries including China. However, there has been no survey of chlamydial infection of dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the chlamydial seroprevalence in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China by using an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The overall seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle was 7.25% (29/400). Greater than or equal to eight-yr-old dairy cattle had the highest seroprevalence (10.34%), followed by those that were ≥ 6 years old or < 7 years old dairy cattle (10.20%), although there were no statistically significant differences among different groups (P > 0.05). Dairy cattle with 5 pregnancies had the highest seroprevalence (10.81%). These results indicate that chlamydial infection was present in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China, and integrated strategies and measures should be executed to control and prevent chlamydial infection and disease outbreak in the study region.     

放牧绵羊消化器官的发育性变化

为了研究羔羊消化器官的发育性变化,以0～56日龄甘肃高山细毛羊放牧绵羊为研究对象,采用大体解剖学方法测定了放牧条件下0、3、7、14、21、28、42、56日龄羔羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、前胃、总胃重量、容积以及各胃室内容物重量,胰腺、肝脏重量,十二指肠、空肠、回肠重量及长度的变化情况。结果表明,随羔羊日龄增大各消化器官和消化腺绝对重量都在增大;瘤胃重量和容积随羔羊日龄增大而显著增加(P<0.05),7日龄开始瘤胃内容物及瓣胃重量、网胃容积显著增大;28日龄开始小肠总长基本维持恒定,大约为体长的25倍。羔羊食入牧草可明显刺激瘤胃的发育。     

颗粒人工饲料育对小蚕生长发育的影响

本文探讨了颗粒人工饲料育的饲养方法和饲育环境对小蚕生长发育的影响，结果表明：1－2龄最适给饵量为50mg/头，适宜饲养密度为1.5头／cm^2，增加给饵次数有利于小蚕的生长发育，温度和光照对小蚕的生长发育有显著的影响，以29－30℃黑暗饲育成绩最好。     

牛垂体细胞体外培养条件下催乳素分泌的调节—TRH、 GnRH、LH和PRL的影响

利用牛垂体细胞体外无血清培养技术,研究了促甲状腺素释放素(TRH)、促性腺激素释放素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)对牛垂体细胞PRL分泌的调节。细胞在培养箱内预培养24小时后开始各项处理,以后隔24小时采集培养液一次,并换新的相同处理的培养液。结果表明:GnRH和TRH在第一次处理时均能显著增加PRL的分泌。加入1、10、100ng/ml的GnRH可使PRL分泌量分别增加53％(P<0.05)、111％(P<0.01)和60％(P<0.01),而TRH只有在10、100ng/ml的剂量时明显引起PRL释放增加(P<0.01)。第二次处理时细胞对TRH的反应消失,但对GnRH的反应却发生了逆转,PRL分别降低了70％(P<0.05)、68％(P<0.05)和73％(P<0.05)。表明GnRH和TRH在培养初期具有促进垂体细胞释放PRL的作用。LH(1、10、100ng/ml)对牛垂体细胞PRL的分泌无影响。但LH和TRH合用时,100ng/ml LH可明显地降低由TRH引起的PRL分泌(P<0.05)。PRL本身对牛垂体细胞的分泌有自我调节作用,100、1000ng/ml的PRL处理细胞使其分泌的PRL显著下降,分别降低70％(P<0.05)和100％(P<0.001)。此外1000ng/ml的PRL可显著地抑制由GnRH在第一次处理时引起的PRL释放。本实验在垂体细胞水平说明多种激素对PRL的分泌调节具有调控作用。     

贵州小型猪消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

为了观察贵州小型猪(Sus scrofa domestica var.mino Guizhounensis Yu.)消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态,试验应用改良的Pascual双重银染法显示贵州小型猪消化道黏膜的嗜银细胞。结果表明:除食管外,贵州小型猪消化道各部位均有嗜银细胞的分布,主要位于固有层腺泡上皮细胞之间,黏膜上皮细胞之间很少;细胞分布密度以胃体最高,其次为贲门、胃窦,结肠最低;嗜银细胞形态以锥体形最常见,此外还可见圆形、卵圆形、梭形或不规则形等;细胞的突起可指向腺泡腔、腺泡上皮细胞或固有层的结缔组织。说明贵州小型猪胃肠黏膜内有分布广泛、形态多样的嗜银细胞,可能是贵州小型猪胃肠道强大而复杂的内分泌功能的组织学基础。     

乳牛口服过量维生素A对维生素D3及钙磷代谢的影响

从北京郊区某农场选取１０头健康成年黑白花乳牛，随机分为试验（５头，每周每头口服维生素Ａ１００万单位）和对照（５头，不作任何处理）两组。８周以后检测发现，试验组血清钙和无机磷水平呈下降趋势；尾椎骨皮质变薄，密度下降，呈现骨质吸收现象；血清碱性磷酸酶显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其活性代谢产物２５－羟维生素Ｄ３（２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３）极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１，２５－二羟维生素Ｄ３［１，２５－（ＯＨ）２－