企业参与制定国家标准对其出口贸易规模的影响——基于上市公司数据的实证研究

运用面板数据模型,依据制造业中的1796家上市公司样本数据,考量微观层面标准对企业出口规模的影响。结果发现：企业参与制定国家标准可以有效促进出口,并且制定与国际接轨的一致标准比制定国家特有标准更能促进出口。因此,企业宜更多参与国家标准的制定,更多地推动标准层面的国际接轨。     

基于生物催化法的食品熏蒸剂环氧乙烷制备

为了探索一种反应条件温和、方法简单的食品熏蒸剂环氧乙烷制备方法,采用甲基弯菌IMV 3011(Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011)细胞作为生物催化剂,催化乙烯的环氧化反应生成环氧乙烷,确定了反应条件。结果表明:反应器中气相的组成为氧气50%、乙烯20%、氮气30%(体积分数),30℃、150 r/min振荡反应8 h,采用固定化形式催化剂,环氧乙烷生成量为34μmol/mg,利用甲烷培养对其循环再生,再生8次催化剂中甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)活力仍保留89%,环氧乙烷物质的量为3.4 nmol。     

河南省小麦根、茎部内生真菌多样性及平板拮抗活性研究

To investigate the community composition and diversity of fungal endophytes in wheat roots and stems from different soil types in Henan Province, tissue isolation method was used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi from wheat plants collected from 22 counties/districts in five soil types, and the identification of the fungal endophytes fungi was based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. The community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi were analyzed. The results showed that 426 endophytic fungi were affiliated with 23 genera, among which Chaetomium spp. had the highest number accounting for 23.2% of the total strain number, followed by Penicillium spp.. Five strains were tested for the antifungal activity against both Rhizoctonia Cerealis and Fusarium pseudograminearums on plate, and their inhibition rates against R. Cerealis ranged from 44.8% to 70.5% (zone widths 2.00~9.67 mm)while from 35.4% to 49.3% (zone widths 3.67~6.67 mm) against F. pseudograminearum. This paper clarifies the major taxa and their diversity of fungal endophytes in the roots and stems of wheat in different soil types in Henan Province, and their inhibitory effects on soil-borne fungi, providing a basis for the biological control of sharp eyespot and crown rot of wheat.     

锌肥与三唑酮配合喷施对冬小麦锌营养品质的影响

于2013—2014年小麦生长季,在陕西关中地区进行田间喷施试验,设置CK、喷Zn、喷三唑酮、喷Zn+三唑酮4个处理,以揭示锌与三唑酮配合喷施对小麦锌营养品质的影响。结果表明:不同喷施方式对小麦籽粒千粒重及产量均无明显影响;喷三唑酮、喷Zn+三唑酮及喷Zn使籽粒Zn含量由CK的25.9 mg·kg~(-1)分别提高到32.2、52.4 mg·kg~(-1)和52.7 mg·kg~(-1),增加幅度分别为24%、102%和103%;喷三唑酮和喷Zn+三唑酮处理降低了小麦籽粒植酸含量,相比对照分别降低23.8%、15.9%,使植酸/Zn摩尔比明显降低,从而显著提高了籽粒锌生物有效性。Zn与三唑酮配合喷施下提高籽粒锌含量及其生物有效性的效果十分明显,同时还能兼顾防治小麦白粉病、条锈病等。     

水分胁迫对冬小麦愈伤组织质膜ATP酶和5′-核苷酸酶活性的影响

以不同抗旱性冬小麦品种花84(抗旱)和冀麦24(不抗旱)幼胚来源的愈伤组织为实验材料,用不同浓度的PEG-6000分别模拟不同强度的水分胁迫(10%PEG W/V,-0.87MPa;20%PEG W/V,-1.92MPa),进行24 h短期液体培养基培养(胁迫),测定其质膜ATP酶和5′-核苷酸酶活性的变化.试验结果表明,在两品种中,两种酶的活性随胁迫强度的增加均呈现"先降后升"的变化,即轻度胁迫时,酶活性下降,重度胁迫时,酶活性上升,只是两品种中这两种酶活性变化幅度不一致.     

中国高粱产业发展特征及趋势分析

高粱是我国重要的杂粮作物。近年来,中美贸易中高粱交易量剧烈波动,高粱供需形势发生显著变化,高粱产业发展备受关注。从中国高粱的生产特征、贸易特征、消费特征等方面入手,对1960-2018年国内高粱产业发展趋势及发展现状进行分析。研究发现,中国高粱从主要粮食作物转变为小杂粮,近年来种植面积略有提高;国内高粱消费主要用于酿酒和饲料,虽然中国是世界第三大高粱消费国,但人均消费水平并不高;目前,中国作为世界第一大高粱进口国,进口量受饲料高粱需求影响猛增猛减,出口量极小且相对稳定。未来,中国高粱的发展规模将保持相对稳定,新的增长空间主要取决于旱作粮食作物的发展和消费途径的拓展。     

辽宁省农村土地流转的金融服务探索

随着经济全球化的发展和我国现代化产业结构的不断调整,粮食安全的支撑重要性越发明显,但农村目前的青壮年劳动力却面临主动或被动脱离土地的窘境。如何推动农村土地流转,提升土地利用率,增加农业生产效应,加强其相关金融服务是一项重要有效途径。通过研究,发现辽宁省农村土地流转的金融服务存在一系列的问题,并给出相应的政策建议。     

Study on the Obtaining of Transgenic Wheat with GNA Alien Gene by Biolistic Particle

The immature embryos of wheat plants, cv. Jing 411, 12 - 14 days after pollination, were cultured on SD2 medium for callus induction. After 10 days culture, 800 wheat calli were bombarded by biolistic particle coated with theDNA of plasmid pBI121-2 harboring both Galanthus nivalis agglutinin gene and bar gene. 67 green plants were finally regenerated from the bombardment calli on selection medium containing 4mg/L Basta. The results of bioassay by both inoculating wheat aphids onto the plants and applying Basta solution of 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L onto the wheat leaves in the field, and the molecular analysis, such as PCR and Southern blotting, indicated that 8 T2 plants contaning the target genes were obtained.     

烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis滞育诱导研究

研究了不同温度、光周期以及温光组合条件对烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的效果。结果表明,僵蚜形成前,各种温度、光周期及温光组合条件均著的作用。僵蚜形成后,低温可大量诱导产生滞育,０℃处理３０ｄ,６０％以上个体进入滞育,而光周期的诱导作用仍不明显。作者认为你温是引起烟蚜茧蜂滞育的主要因素,处理的敏感时期为老熟幼虫－预肾期。滞育虫态为肾。