应用镰形扇头蜱及巴贝斯虫病水牛的染虫血感染黄牛试验

从非流行区购进无蜱寄生的健康黄牛５头与水牛犊１头，其中３头成年黄牛（２～８岁）在畜舍内用从流行区水牛身上采得的镰形扇头蜱Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓ成虫，置于牛耳壳内叮咬；１头运至流行区放牧，让蜱上身叮咬；１头黄牛犊（１０年龄）去蜱后２周，用液氮保存的患病水牛染虫血４ｍｌ（４×１０ ８个虫体）皮下注射；另一头去蜱水牛犊亦同时注射相同剂量的染虫血，作为对照。５头黄牛在试验期间其体温、精神、食欲正常，未出现任何临床症状，感染后１０～１２ｄ外周血液中出现少量不典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率在０．１％以下，持续３～５６消失；对照牛则体温升高（３９．８～４１．１℃），出现贫血、黄疸等症状，红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）降至２６％，外周血液中出现典型的牛巴贝斯虫，红细胞染虫率（ＰＰＥ）高达１２％。对采用蜱叮咬及注射来自病水牛的染虫血为何不能使黄牛感染发病，文中进行了讨论。     

布鲁氏菌病研究进展

布鲁氏菌病的早期诊断及鉴定是该病防控的重要环节,其诊断技术主要包括细菌学诊断技术、血清学诊断技术以及分子生物学诊断技术。布鲁氏菌病防控应坚持预防为主的策略,其免疫主要以弱毒活疫苗为主,随着分子生物学及重组DNA技术的发展,基因工程疫苗成为近年研究热点,但目前尚未有鉴别疫苗免疫和自然感染的鉴别诊断技术及相应的疫苗制品。本文对布鲁氏菌病的病原学、流行病学、诊断技术和疫苗研究进展等方面进行概述,以期为建立灵敏性高、特异性强、高效便捷且易推广的布鲁氏菌病诊断技术和研发更加安全有效的布鲁氏菌病疫苗提供基础。     

Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China

Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared to H120 vaccine strain, point mutation, short insertion, and deletion occurred at many positions in the S1 protein of the seven strains. Five of the seven strains had the motif (HRRRR), which was identical to that of the epidemic IBV strains in China. Two new motifs (HRLRR and RRIRR) emerged in the isolated strains. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the S1 gene among the seven isolates was 81.7%-99.7% and 79.0%-99.4%, respectively. These seven strains were also genetically different from the vaccine strains and non-China IBV strains but closely related to large numbers of Chinese strains. The seven isolates and 36 reference IBV strains were clustered into six distinct groups (I-VI). The seven strains were categorized into groups I, II, and III, forming a big phylogenetic branch, which is closely related to Chinese IBVs, whereas the vaccine strains belonging to group VI are genetically distant from groups I, II, and III. The results from this study indicate that different IBV strains cocirculate in the chicken population in China.     

Associations of polymorphisms in the Pit-1 gene with growth and carcass traits in Angus beef cattle

The Pit-1 gene was studied as a candidate for genetic markers of growth and carcass traits. Angus beef cattle that were divergently selected for high- or low-blood serum IGF-I concentration were used in this study. The single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used to identify polymorphism in the Pit-1 gene including regions from intron 2 to exon 6. Two polymorphisms, Pit1I3H (HinfI) and Pit1I3NL (NlaIII), were detected in intron 3 of the Pit-1 gene. One polymorphism, Pit1I4N (BstNI), was found in intron 4, and a single nucleotide polymorphism, Pit1I5, was found in intron 5. The previously reported polymorphism in exon 6, Pit1E6H (HinfI), was also studied in 416 Angus beef cattle. Associations of the polymorphisms with growth traits, carcass traits, and IGF-I concentration were analyzed using a general linear model procedure. No significant associations were observed between these polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits.     

结缕草属种质资源研究进展

结缕草属草坪草具有低维护、耐践踏、抗病虫、抗寒、耐瘠和抗盐碱等优良特性，正日益引起国内外草坪草育种和相关研究者的注意。我国是具有丰富的结缕草属种质资源多样性的国家之一，为了更好地开发利用这些珍贵的乡土草坪草种质资源，对国内外有关结缕草属种质资源的收集、分类和应用、抗盐性、抗寒性、抗旱性和抗病虫能力等研究进行了系统的阐述，最后讨论了该种质资源研究中存在的一些问题，展望了今后的研究方向。     

快速与慢速肉鸡脂肪生长与肌苷酸含量比较

本试验旨在相同条件下,比不同品种和性别肉鸡的脂肪生长量和肌苷酸含量及其相互关系。比较发现:(1)快速与慢速肉鸡的各项脂肪指标均无显著差异(p>0.05),但慢速鸡的肌肉脂肪、皮下脂肪和腹脂率分别比快速鸡高7%、13%和37%;(2)慢速肉鸡肌苷酸含量比快速高50%,且差异显著(p<0.05);(3)母鸡皮下脂肪(p<0.01)和腹脂率(p<0.05)显著高于公鸡,母鸡肌间和肌肉脂肪也分别高于公鸡6%和12%(p>0.05);(4)肌苷酸与腹脂率存在显著正相关(r=0.61,p<0.05)。     

绵羊耳成纤维细胞的体外培养

用组织块法和冷消化法对绵羊耳成纤维细胞在含血清培养液(RPMI—1640)中进行原代和传代培养，探讨动物体细胞培养模式，并对正常细胞形态进行观察。结果表明组织块法和冷消化法培养可获得比较均一、稳定的细胞群，细胞呈典型的成纤维形态，并成功进行传代培养，建立了绵羊耳成纤维细胞系。     

龙牧807苜蓿选育报告

从龙牧803(Medicago sativa L.cv.Longmu 803)苜蓿群体中选择优秀单株,通过无性扦插繁殖,3次混合选择、开放授粉及品种比较试验、区域与生产试验,历经12年育成龙牧807苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Longmu807)新品种。该品种株型直立,在黑龙江省地区4月中下旬返青,生育期120 d左右,开花期株高75.7~105.3cm,成熟期株高98.5~133.8 cm。2年生干草产量为11739.14 kg·hm^-2,比对照龙牧803苜蓿(9797.99 kg·hm^-2)增产17.10%;种子产量284.60 kg·hm^-2,比对照(230.00 kg·hm^-2)增产18.25%。初花期粗蛋白含量19.38%,适口性好,饲用品质优良。其抗性强,生态适应性广,适宜在黑龙江省各地及毗邻省区推广种植。     

ST贴壁细胞悬浮驯化及应用

为将ST贴壁细胞通过自主驯化,使其能在ST-S细胞无血清培养基中悬浮生长且能稳定传代,在摇瓶中实现高密度生长,并应用于猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)悬浮培养,经ST-A低血清培养基适应培养,对一株贴壁的ST细胞进行了无血清的全悬浮驯化,并将PRV在悬浮细胞中连续盲传培养。结果显示:ST悬浮细胞能在无血清培养基中传代,培养48 h至第3代后,所能达到的最终细胞密度为3.00×10^(6 )cells/mL以上;PRV连续培养至第5代,毒价可达到109.0 TCID50/mL。结果表明,用专用培养基可使ST贴壁细胞实现悬浮驯化,并可应用于PRV悬浮培养。本研究为获得高密度ST悬浮细胞和提高PRV增殖效率奠定了技术基础。     

奶牛蹄病的治疗

将患有蹄病的牛按病情严重程度分三级,在每级中各选出12头,并将36头随机分成4组,每组共9头。第1组为对照组,第2组每头牛日粮中加35%石粉18g,第3组每头牛日粮中加硫酸锌1.2g,第4组每头牛日粮中同时加35%石粉18g和硫酸锌1.2g。同样护理,每星期对试验牛群进行修蹄及常规治疗。经过1个月的治疗第1组治愈1头,有效3头,无效5头;第2组治愈2头,有效6头,无效1头;第3组治愈3头,有效4头,无效2头;第4组治愈7头,有效2头,无效0头。卡方检测除第2、3两组差异不显著外,其他各组之间差异显著。说明在日粮中适量提高钙和锌对奶牛蹄病有良好的预防和治疗作用。