内生真菌与高羊茅之间的共生关系

从内生真菌的涵义及其基本生物学特征出发,着重对国内外近10 年来有关内生真菌与高羊茅关系的研究情况作了综述,主要包括内生真菌对高羊茅生长发育及其抗逆性的影响、内生真菌对高羊茅植物群落及生态系统的影响等,并对内生真菌研究的实际意义及其应用前景作了总结。     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究

拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在人类和动物基因组中普遍存在,是重要的遗传变异资源.本试验利用比较基因组杂交(comparative genomic hybridization,CGH)芯片对2匹蒙古马和1匹纯血马进行全基因组CNV检测,共检测到210个CNVs,长度6 109 bp至571.87 kb,平均值为37.81 kb,中值为14.45 kb.合并重叠的CNVs,共检测到70个CNV区域(CNV region,CNVR),大小从6 151 bp至573.59 kb,平均值和中值分别为38.93和14.45 kb,总长度为6.19 Mb.经CNV基因注释和功能分析发现,大部分基因与嗅觉受体活性、嗅觉感官知觉、化学刺激的感官知觉、识别和嗅觉传导等功能相关.对5个CNVRs进行qPCR检验,83.33%的qPCR结果与CGH芯片结果一致.通过对蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究,证明CNV在马基因组中普遍存在,为揭示马基因组CNV与重要生物性状的关联性及品种改良奠定了基础.     

刑侦犬锁定"苦行僧"毒贩--云南腾冲"3·12"特大跨国贩毒案侦破纪实

这是一起在云南警方组织开展的“天网三号”禁毒专项行动中多警种协作、群众踊跃参与、警犬投入侦破的典型案例:2006年3月12日,当3名嫌疑人面对从两公里外查获的3背包沉甸甸的毒品海洛因及其他赃物拒不认罪、案件侦查陷入僵局时,刑侦犬“安普贵”奉命出击,把毒品和毒贩锁定在一     

多重聚合酶链反应筛选方法的研究

本文提出了筛选多重聚合酶链反应的常用方法，根据该法将56个牛微卫星组成的21个多重聚合酶链反应组合，其中14个三微卫星组合，7个二微卫星组合，这些多重聚合酶链反应组合可用于大批量测定微卫星的试验，如基因定位及亲子鉴定等。     

Poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants - field observations

Data from post-mortem and field studies were obtained that discussed poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants. From the notes, all plants studied caused death in ostriches and there was systemic organ damage. Poisoning from Sarcostemma viminale (Melktou) resulted in beak patting, muscular tremors and head flopping, followed by collapse and violent kicking before death. Ingestion of Combretum oatesii (Red wings) seeds from plants in free grazing pastures resulted in vomiting, restlessness, eyelid flicking, collapse and kicking movements. Dichapetalum cymosum (Gifblaar) killed an ostrich after episodes of shaking legs, rapid respiration and bradycardia and hyperaemia of the lungs, liver and kidneys. Poisoning from Senecio sceleratus (Ragwort) caused skin haemorrhages and bleeding in tracheal mucous membranes, the pericardium, diaphragm and interperitoneal membrane. Consumption of drupes from Melia azedarach (Syringa berry) caused muscle tremors, kicking movements and respiratory distress. Lantana camara (Cherry pie) poisoning resulted in extremely inflamed eyes with copious yellow exudates extending down their beaks and onto their necks. Bentonite was administered by gavage at a dose of 5 g/kg. Poisoning in these cases is usually associated with the farmer allowing his/her birds to roam free-range in paddocks in which toxic plants are growing. Toxic plants should be removed from grass cut for hay. The author is willing to send photographs of all poisonous plants if requested by a reader.     

Assessment of antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda

The irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals is highly related to the emergence and increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. A cross-sectional survey aimed at evaluating the current level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda was carried out countrywide. Interviews were conducted on 229 farmers rearing different types of animals. The study has revealed that almost all respondent farmers could name at least one antibiotic used in farm animals and peni-streptomycin was named by most of them (95.6%). The use of antibiotics in farm animals was observed in the majority of respondents (97.4%). It was found that 44.4 and 26.5% of respondents reported that they used antibiotics for disease prevention and growth promotion, respectively. The use of non-prescribed antibiotics in animals was also reported by more than the half of respondent farmers (55.6%). The majority of farmers had a moderate level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals (73.5%), very few had a high level (26%) and only one respondent had a low level. The high level of practices in regard to antibiotic use in animals was associated with the location of the farm, the type of reared animals, and the rearing system. The results of this study give an insight into antibiotics usage practices in farm animals in Rwanda. The generated information can guide sensitizations and promotions of the prudent use of antibiotics among farmers in order to limit the increase of antibiotic resistance in the country.     

腐蹄病C型节瘤拟杆菌纤毛蛋白基因T程疫苗对家兔的免疫试验

将转化C型节瘤拟杆菌纤毛蛋白基因表达子粒的工程菌PAK/2pfsC在含羧苄青霉素营养肉汤培养基中培养,用MgCl2法在培养物上清中提取表达产物(纤毛蛋白).将表达的纤毛蛋白产物用弗氏完全佐剂乳化,制成疫苗.用疫苗免疫3只健康家兔,21 d后再次接种;定期采血,用对流免疫电泳和K凝集实验检测试验家兔的体液免疫应答及抗体水平.结果发现,免疫7 d即可产生相应抗体,21 d后抗体效价达到8 000×以上,而且高滴度抗体可维持6个月以上.试验表明,腐蹄病C型节瘤拟杆菌纤毛蛋白基因工程疫苗具有较好的免疫应答和免疫原性.     

肉用山羊营养需要量的研究进展

本文综述了肉用山羊的饲料采食量，蛋白质、能量、矿物质及维生素等营养需要量的研究进展及现状。     

鸭胚骨骼肌生肌调节因子MyoD1和Myf5发育性变化研究

本研究采用Real-timePCR分析生肌调节因子MyoD1和Myf5在不同鸭品种(高邮鸭和金定鸭)胚胎期及初生早期(13、17、21、25、27日胚龄和出雏后7日龄)骨骼肌发育中的表达模式以及表达差异。结果表明,MyoD1mRNA和Myf5mRNA在两个品种鸭胸肌早期发育中表现出一致的表达规律,均呈"波浪"型;在腿肌早期发育中均呈近似"反√"型的表达趋势,在27日胚龄时表达量最低,出生后7日龄表达量又上升,但MyoD1mRNA的表达量仅有小幅增加,与27日胚龄的表达量差异不显著(P>0.05),而Myf5mRNA的表达量有大幅增加,与27日胚龄的表达量差异极显著(P<0.01),胸肌和腿肌中两基因的mRNA表达量在同一胚龄不同品种间差异均不显著。结果提示:骨骼肌中MyoD1和Myf5基因表达具有显著的时空性,但不存在品种差异,为进一步深入研究MyoD1和Myf5基因在胚胎期骨骼肌发生过程及其调控机理中的功能提供一定的理论依据。