N2O production in the organic and mineral horizons of soil had different responses to increasing temperature

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The responses of N2O emission to increasing temperature in different soil horizons are not clearly understood yet. Here, we investigated the effects of increasing...     

香菇原生质体工程菌株的构建研究——I.香菇原生质体的分离与再生行为

本研究通过电镜观察与酶解分析确定香菇(Lentinula edodes)菌丝细胞壁组成.并进行了双核菌丝原生质体的分离和培养.研究发现:酶解过程中,菌丝原生质体一般只从菌丝顶端等新生部位释放出来.合适的渗透剂、菌龄和酶解温度是原生质体得率的重要保证;原生质体再生菌丝过程是一个间歇性的依赖于原生质团涌动流向的过程,再生菌丝的形成经历了原生质体形成突起-哑铃状-分枝状等不同形态类型的再生阶段;再生菌丝体在形态上没有观察到锁状联合,栽培后未能结实,初步判断为单核菌株.     

Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation,water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH₄, N₂O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha^?1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH₄ emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N₂O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO₂-equivalents (CO₂e) and yield-scaled CO₂e (GHGI) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     

先张法预应力空心板纵向开裂的防治

多年来先张法预应力空心板在中、小桥结构物中一直被广泛应用.但在设计回访中发现,部分空心板板底多存在有纵向裂缝的问题,为有效杜绝此弊病的发生,本文对其产生的原因进行了分析并提出了预防措施.     

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of duck Toll-like receptor 5

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. In this study, we cloned the single-exon TLR5 gene of the Maya breed of Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). The TLR5 open reading frame is 2580 bp in length and encodes an 859-amino acid protein. The putative amino acid sequence of duck TLR5 consisted of a signal peptide sequence, 11 leucine-rich repeat domains, a leucine-rich repeat C-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain. The duck TLR5 gene was highly expressed in the lung, bone marrow, spleen, and liver; moderately expressed in kidney, small intestine, large intestine, and brain. A plasmid expressing duck TLR5 was constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells, and expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. HEK293T cells transfected with duck TLR5- and NF-κB-luciferase-containing plasmids significantly responded to flagellin from Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that it is a functional TLR5 homolog.     

绿肥对于麦田硝酸氮含量之影响

华北土壤普遍缺乏氮肥及有机质。豆科绿肥为补充土壤氮素及有机质方法之一。但华北旱田鲜有实行绿肥者。同时中央农业实验所在陕西关中区举行之绿肥肥料试验及绿肥示范,其结果并未充分表现绿肥之效能,有时绿肥完全无效,有时绿肥尚能增加作物之产量,但其增加之产量远逊于南方绿肥之效果。华北绿肥效果不大之原因何在,颇值研究。中央农业实验所北平农事试验场于民国卅五年至卅六年间曾举行小麦绿肥试验,于卅元年夏播种绿豆,八月下旬压青,十月初播种小麦。于绿肥压青前后及小麦生长期间,定期测定土壤水分及硝酸氮含量,比较夏闲区与绿肥压青区之硝酸氮含量,研究绿肥压青对于硝酸氮含量之影响。兹将所得结果略述于后。     

油菜硫甙的农业生态学意义与研究进展

论述了油菜琉甙(即琉代葡萄糖甙)的组分、主要生理功能及其含量过高对家畜的不利影响以及引种国际油菜导致的生态问题,指出了影响油菜硫甙含量的主要因素、油菜琉甙对维护十字花科植物抗性的自身保护功能、生态学意义及其发展应用潜力。     

基于键合图理论的动力稳定装置轮轨间动态特性分析

考虑动力稳定装置的轮轨非线性接触、轮轨间的间隙传动、夹钳油缸和水平油缸的等效刚度建立了动力稳定装置动态特性键合图模型.使用分段函数表达式实现了轮轨间的间隙传动.针对不同夹持力对于能量的传递效率与作业效果进行了深入分析与探究,确定了所需最小的水平油缸的推力.