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891.
“中国春”小麦不同缺体的RAPD分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用PCR-90A型DNA扩增仪,对7个中国春小麦缺体核DNA进行了扩增。结果显示,中国春小麦缺体核DNA的RAPD产物可分为二种类型:(1)所有供试材料均能扩增出的片段,代表了核DNA在进化上的保守性。有一个引物检测到这类片段。(2)全部供试材料间存在的差异片段,这类片段是用来基因定位的主要依据。另外,建立中国春小麦缺体系统的RAPD指纹图谱对研究小麦的系统进化也将有重要意义 相似文献
892.
大白菜软腐病苗期抗性及其与成株期抗性的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对66个大白菜品种苗期抗性的测定结果表明,不同品种对细菌根系侵入和潜伏侵染的抗性存在显著差别;同一品种幼苗对侵入侵染的抗性与对潜伏侵染的抗性间没有相关性。幼苗期的组织含菌量与成株的田间软腐病发病程度有一定的相关性。并初步建立了大白菜对软腐病苗期抗性的鉴定方法。 相似文献
893.
894.
895.
Dong Ruan Qiuli Fan Ahmed Mohamed Fouad Yunyun Sun Shengshu Huang Aiji Wu Chuxiao Lin Zhixiang Kuang Chang Zhang Shouqun Jiang 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)
Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition. 相似文献
896.
Charlotte M E Heyer Li F Wang Eduardo Beltranena Ruurd T Zijlstra 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM) and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM warrant study. In two experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs, and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at three screw speeds: 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350), or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber (TDF), and 8.9 µmol of total glucosinolates/g on a dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P < 0.05) apparent hindgut fermentation of CP, and decreased (P < 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk postweaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% TDF, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 1 to 7 and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase the SID of most of the AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect the growth performance in weaned pigs. 相似文献
897.
Min Yang Zhengyu Mao Xuemei Jiang Pierre Cozannet Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu Yan Lin Zhengfeng Fang Bin Feng Jianping Wang Jian Li De Wu Yong Zhuo 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)
We investigated the effects of dietary fiber (DF) supplementation in normal or low crude protein (CP) diets on reproductive performance and nitrogen (N) utilization in primiparous gilts. In total, 77 Landrace × Yorkshire pregnant gilts were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The groups comprised 1) equal intake of normal CP (12.82% and 0.61% total lysine), 2) low CP (LP) (10.53% and 0.61% total lysine), and 3) with or 4) without DF supplementation (cellulose, inulin, and pectin in a 34:10:1 ratio). A low-protein diet during gestation significantly reduced daily weight gain from days 91 to 110 of pregnancy (−162.5 g/d, P = 0.004). From N balance trials conducted at days 35 to 38, 65 to 68, and 95 to 98 of pregnancy, DF addition increased fecal N excretion at days 65 to 68 (+24.1%) and 95 to 98 (+13.8%) of pregnancy (P < 0.05) but reduced urinary N excretion (P < 0.05), resulting in greater N retention at each gestational stage. DF increased fecal microbial protein levels and excretion during gestation. An LP diet also reduced urinary N excretion at different gestational stages. An in vitro fermentation trial on culture media with nonprotein N urea and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as the only N sources revealed that microbiota derived from feces of gestating gilts fed the high DF diet exhibited a greater capacity to convert nonprotein N to microbial protein. Microbial fecal diversity, as measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed significant changes from DF but not CP diets. Gilts fed an LP diet had a higher number of stillbirths (+0.83 per litter, P = 0.046) and a lower piglet birth weight (1.52 vs. 1.37 kg, P = 0.006), regardless of DF levels. Collectively, DF supplementation to gestation diets shifted N excretion from urine to feces in the form of microbial protein, suggesting that the microbiota had a putative role in controlling N utilization from DF. Additionally, a low-protein diet during gestation negatively affected the litter performance of gilts. 相似文献
898.
Josephine A. Dornbusch Laura E. Selmic Pin‐Chieh Huang Jonathan P. Samuelson Eric M. McLaughlin Vincent A. Wavreille Jessica A. Ogden Brittany Abrams Alex Kalamaras Eric Green Eric T. Hostnik Lincoln Every Jason A. Fuerst Ryan Jennings Christopher Premanandan Joshua N. Lorbach Sarah C. Linn Aneesh Alex Janet E. Sorrells Lingxiao Yang Stephen A. Boppart 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2021,50(1):111-120
899.
微酸性电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果及机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微酸性电解水作为一种安全、高效、广谱的新型消毒剂,具有制备简单、成本低、使用后无残留、对人体无毒无害等优点.研究微酸性电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果及其杀菌机制,为其在蚕桑生产中的应用奠定基础.体外抑菌试验结果表明,有效氯质量浓度为40 mg/L、pH5.5、氧化还原电位(ORP)为1100 mV的微酸性电解水处理5 min即可全部杀灭家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌.生物学试验结果表明,该电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌处理5 min后,家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的灭活率达到90%;处理15 min时,灭活率为100%.经微酸性电解水处理后,家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的外部形态发生改变,菌体膨胀、逐渐伸长,之后出现孔洞,最后菌体破裂、死亡;胞外电导率、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量逐渐增加;菌体DNA发生降解.试验结果表明微酸性电解水主要通过破坏家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌细胞外部形态,改变细胞膜通透性,导致细胞内容物外渗,DNA结构受到破坏,达到杀菌目的 . 相似文献
900.
Yueting Pan Yongjia Wang Shanning Lou Metha Wanapat Zhaofeng Wang Wanhe Zhu Fujiang Hou 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):611-620
Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH4-E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se. 相似文献