Rapid mapping of candidate genes for cold tolerance in Oryza rufipogon Griff. by QTL-seq of seedlings

Cold stress is a major problem in rice production. To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice(DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant(R) and susceptible(S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines(BILs) population(derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNPindex) graphs(at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R-and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion(InDel) markers(12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR. These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.     

新疆南疆棉花品种试验分析

本研究收集新疆南疆大面积种植的56个棉花品种,对非抗虫棉、常规转基因抗虫棉、杂交抗虫棉F1及F2共4类品种的产量及纤维品质进行了比较分析。结果表明,转基因抗虫棉比非抗虫棉增产29.8%,差异达显著水平;杂交棉比常规棉平均增产4.6%,铃重增加0.38g,衣分提高0.91百分点,均未达到显著水平;杂交抗虫棉F1明显优于F2,主要表现在单株结铃性的显著提高导致产量显著提高,而且断裂比强度和纤维整齐度指数等主要品质指标显著提高。由于在河南安阳试验的密度与新疆有明显差异,其准确性需要在新疆高密度条件下继续验证。     

基于城市现代有轨电车建设的环境影响分析——以沈阳有轨电车建设项目为例

指出了近年来随着城市的发展,人口和汽车数量不断增多,公共交通体系急需升级,轨道交通成为城市公交系统发展方向之一。以沈阳有轨电车项目为例进行了分析,根据典型路段预测了结果:在有轨电车最高运行时速情况下,距轨道中心线20m处,大部分路段均能满足2类功能区噪声标准要求,个别路段超标原因是本底噪声较大。有轨电车项目对噪声增加的贡献值较小,不会对噪声敏感点产生较大影响。     

论我国林地征占用制度存在的问题与完善思路

文章阐述了征占用林地存在随意性;没有征占用林地预审和专家评审制度;征收范围出现逐步扩大的趋势;征地补偿范围过窄、标准过低;征地管理组织不健全;征地监督与救济不到位等林地征占用存在的主要问题。最终有针对性地提出完善林地征占用法律制度的对策,征占用林地范围明确化;林地征占用审核程序合理化;林地征占用补偿科学化;加强林地征占用管理组织建设;完善林地征占用监督与救济机制。     

果菜类蔬菜早熟性育种研究进展

早熟性是蔬菜作物育种的重要指标,对农业增产和农民增收意义重大。本文对果菜类蔬菜早熟性评价指标,早熟性相关农艺性状和早熟性育种方法三个方面的研究进展进行综述,并对基因工程辅助早熟育种进行了展望。     

上海动物园非洲企鹅种群线粒体DNA序列分析及遗传管理建议

非洲企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)是一种濒危海鸟,也是动物园展出的重要物种。上海动物园从日本和荷兰引进非洲企鹅,种群不断扩大,并成为国内种群发展的基础。但对其遗传多样性和结构了解很少,无法开展有效的遗传管理。本研究分析了上海动物园39只非洲企鹅的mtDNA D-loop区430 bp序列,并与已发表的日本种群的数据进行比较。结果表明,该片段存在15个变异位点,占分析位点的3.5%;共定义了10个单倍型,其遗传距离为0.002~0.019。日本种群包含A、B两个mtDNA D-loop单倍型世系,上海种群的10个单倍型均属于A世系,且与日本种群有5个共享单倍型,其遗传多样性水平略低于日本种群。上海种群可以进一步分为3个小的世系,但置信度偏低(54%~87%)。上述结果提示,上海种群相对于日本种群的A世系而言有较好涵盖度,但仍有必要进一步引进建群个体,尤其是含有B世系单倍型的个体。     

“岳苹”苹果在朝阳地区的引种试栽表现

“岳苹”是辽宁省果树研究所选育的晚熟型苹果品种,2013年在朝阳地区引种试栽,6a来对其在本地区物候期、抗寒性、抗病能力以及果实品质进行了观察与测定。结果表明:1)“岳苹”栽植后的第4a开花结实,花期26~27d,果实发育期123~125d,果实10月上旬成熟。2)平均单果重280g,最大单果重505g,果形指数0.86,可溶性固形物含量15.5%,果肉硬度11.2kg/cm^2。3)果皮鲜红色、果肉黄白色,多汁、松脆,品质上等。4)树冠较小、树势中庸、萌芽力强,抗病抗寒能力强,适宜在朝阳地区矮化密植建园。     

Functional porous carbons from waste cotton fabrics for dyeing wastewater purification

A new functional porous carbons (PC-WF) is prepared by activation-pyrolysis method use waste cotton fabrics (WF) as an abundant, cheap and available precursor for removal of Brilliant Crocein (BC-GR) and Cationic Red 2GL (CR-GL) from aqueous phase. The PC-WF was characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques, the surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter was found as 1463.5 m² g^-1, 0.783 cm³ g^-1 and 2.14 nm, respectively. The influences on BC-GR and CR-GL adsorption of various experimental factors such as initial concentration and temperature were investigated. Adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption capacity was 319.8 mg g^-1 for BC-GR and 842.5 mg g^-1 for CR-GL at 30 °C, respectively. The results indicate that for waste cotton fabrics in particular, the practical application of this process to the production of porous carbon would be possible.     

浅议保护性耕作技术推广过程中存在的问题及解决途径

土地采用保护性耕作方法,可有效的防止水土流失,增加土壤蓄水能力,提高雨水利用率,培肥地利,增加土壤有机质,减少耕作次数,降低生产成本,各种农作物增产明显。