腰轮流量计运行管理中存在的问题

介绍了腰轮流量计的基本结构和安装要求,分析了腰轮流量计在现场使用中存在的问题,包括流量计规格选择不当,计量腔中的气体未及时排放,表头的计数器齿轮未定期润滑,现场检定随意采用非相应流量计型号和压力等级的流量计表头进行更换,实际工况与检定工况条件不符,流量计旁通管道截止阀泄漏,以输油泵铭牌上的额定流量核查流量计的流量,新建管道中残留的焊渣和杂物进入流量计的计量腔,对流量计检查不全面,档案资料不齐全等,基于上述问题提出了相应的管理措施.     

储藏时间对东北粳稻品质影响的研究

为研究稻谷的耐储藏性,对10个东北粳稻品种储藏6个月和12个月后的理化指标、淀粉糊化特性和米饭的食味进行测定和评价。结果表明：储藏时间对稻谷粗蛋白含量的影响较显著,对稻谷直链淀粉的影响不显著。储藏时间对稻谷淀粉糊化特征值的影响主要表现为崩解值和回生值的变化,变化趋势显著。储藏时间主要影响米饭的色泽和口感,色泽和口感的变...     

类生物化自适应制造系统控制结构

未来的制造系统需要应对多变的不可预测环境的干扰,因此要求制造系统的控制结构具有较好的自适应性、自组织性、敏捷性、智能性和鲁棒性.而具有这些生物行为特征的类生物化制造系统能够很好的满足这一要求.因此,借鉴生物系统的组织结构、控制机理和运行模式,从一个全新角度提出了有机制造单元的概念,并结合基于激素分泌调节的超短反馈机制,建立了类生物化生产系统自适应控制模型;基于神经-内分泌-免疫系统调节机制,建立了类生物化自适应制造系统控制结构模型.最后,通过一个基于信息素通信机制的实例表明:整个系统具有较强的鲁棒性.     

海南省城乡统筹发展综合评价

建立了海南省城乡统筹发展水平评价指标体系,对海南省城乡统筹发展水平进行综合评价,将海南省各市县经济发展、社会发展、基础设施及生态环境4个方面进行分类比较,得出各市县城乡统筹度及综合排序,最后提出海南省城乡统筹发展的建议。     

Hypoxaemia during anaesthesia in seven horses with colic

Anaesthetic records of horses with colic anaesthetised between June 1987 and May 1989 were reviewed. pH and blood gas analyses were performed during 157 operations from which the horses were allowed to recover. A PaO₂ of 8.0 kPa or less was measured during anaesthesia in seven of these horses. The horses were of different breeds, ages and sexes. Anaesthesia was induced with xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine in four horses and with xylazine, guaifenesin and thiobarbiturate in three horses. Anaesthesia was maintained with inhalation anaesthetic agent and oxygen: isoflurane in five horses, halothane in one horse, and initially halothane but later isoflurane in one horse. Systolic arterial pressures during anaesthesia ranged from 80 to 150 mmHg, diastolic arterial pressures were between 60 and 128 mmHg, and heart rates were between 28 and 44 beats /min. Controlled ventilation was initiated at the start of anaesthesia. PaCO₂ exceeded 6.7 kPa in three horses but was subsequently decreased by adjustment of the ventilator. PaO₂ of 8.0 kPa or less was measured during early anaesthesia, with one exception, and persisted for the duration of anaesthesia. The horses' inspired air was supplemented with oxygen during recovery from anaesthesia, at which time measurement of blood gases in three horses revealed no increase in PaO₂. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. The surgical problems involved primarily the large intestine in five horses and the small intestine in two horses. Six horses were discharged from the hospital alive; one horse was reanaesthetised later the same day and destroyed without regaining consciousness. We concluded that none of the objective values recorded during the pre-anaesthetic evaluation could have been used to predict the complication of intraoperative hypoxaemia. We observed that once hypoxaemia developed it persisted for the duration of anaesthesia and even into the recovery period when the horses were in lateral recumbency and regaining consciousness. We assume that the altered metabolism from anaesthetic agents and hypothermia combined with adequate peripheral perfusion contributed to the lack of adverse consequences in six of the horses. The contribution of hypoxaemia to the deteriorating condition of the seventh horse is speculative.     

Effect of simulated transport stress on the rat small intestine: A morphological and gene expression study

The present study investigated the effects of simulated transport stress on morphology and gene expression in the small intestine of laboratory rats. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 35 °C and 0.1×g on a constant temperature shaker for physiological, biochemical, morphological and microarray analysis before and after treatment. The treatment induced obvious stress responses with significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.01), increases in rectal temperature, serum corticosterone (CORT), serum glucose (GLU), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P < 0.01), as well as expression of Hsp27/70/90 mRNA (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). The rat jejunum was severely damaged and apoptotic after mimicking transport stress, which may mainly be related to cell death, oxidation reduction and hormone imbalance determined by microarray analysis. The bioinformatics analysis from the present study would provide insight into the potential mechanisms underlying transport stress-induced injury in the rat small intestine.     

宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛淘汰情况及长寿性影响因素分析

试验通过收集出生、产犊和离群的记录,探究宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛的淘汰情况,分析影响该地区奶牛长寿性的因素。对15 523头荷斯坦牛的生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次进行描述性统计,分析淘汰时的胎次、季节和泌乳阶段的分布情况;计算生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次之间的表型相关,利用固定模型分析场-出生年、出生季节、牧场规模、淘汰原因和头胎产犊月龄对长寿性的影响。结果显示,宁夏地区荷斯坦牛的平均利用胎次为2.36胎,平均生产寿命为736.59 d。荷斯坦牛成母牛在产后第1个月内的淘汰风险最高,随着泌乳阶段的延长,成母牛在每个胎次内的淘汰风险均逐渐降低;随着淘汰胎次的增加,奶牛淘汰更加集中发生在产后泌乳早期;生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次之间存在较高的表型相关（均>0.9）,场-出生年、出生季节、牧场规模、淘汰原因和头胎产犊月龄对长寿性有显著影响（P<0.05）,春季出生和22月龄头胎产犊的奶牛长寿性表现更好。本研究初步揭示了宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛的淘汰规律和长寿性的影响因素,为宁夏地区牛群选育成母牛长寿性状奠定了基础。     

苜蓿自毒性的研究进展及其前景

从苜蓿自毒性的发现及概念入手 ,对苜蓿不同部分的自体毒素含量、不同土壤结构对自毒性的表现、不同的品种自体毒素含量的研究、自体毒素化合物对其它各类杂草或对作物的影响、苜蓿自毒性的可能物质基础、克服苜蓿自毒性的主要方法和途径等进行了论述。并展望未来可开展的研究领域以及我国开展相关研究的意义。     

Expression of Mitochondria‐Associated Genes (PPARGC1A,NRF‐1, BCL‐2 and BAX) in Follicular Development and Atresia of Goat Ovaries

Most follicles undergo atresia during the developmental process. Follicular atresia is predominantly regulated by apoptosis of granulosa cells, but the mechanism underlying apoptosis via the mitochondria‐dependent apoptotic pathway is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the mitochondria‐associated genes peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma, coactivator1‐alpha (PPARGC1A), nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1), B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) and BCL2‐associated X protein (BAX) played a role in follicular atresia through this pathway. The four mitochondria‐associated proteins (PGC‐1α, which are encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, NRF‐1, BCL‐2 and BAX) mainly expressed in granulosa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARGC1A/PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 in granulosa cells increased with the follicular development. These results showed that these genes may play a role in the regulation of the follicular development. In addition, compared with healthy follicles, the granulosa cell in atretic follicles had a reduced expression of NRF‐1, increased BAX expression and increased ratio of BAX to BCL‐2 expression. These results suggested that changes of the mitochondria‐associated gene expression patterns in granulosa cells may lead to follicular atresia during goat follicle development.     

溶菌酶在食品工业中的应用

本文综述了溶菌酶的基本性质，着重讨论了溶菌酶抑制的微生物种类、机理，系统的阐述了溶菌酶的制备和在食品工业生产过程中应用的进展情况。