邻苯二甲酰基DL-脯氨酸二肽的合成

以DL-脯氨酸为出发物,合成了一个含有两个DL-脯氨酸残基的分子内电子给-受体系,其结构经元素分析,质谱,核磁共振表征.     

杂色鲍养殖环境中致病性弧菌分布调查

从深圳不同的杂色鲍人工养殖场采集并分类环境生物样品。应用TCBS平板分离并作生理生化初步鉴定弧菌,平板涂布法统计水样和各类生物每mL(或每g)所含弧菌总数,并应用基于16S~23SrDNA间区序列设计的4种水产病原弧菌特异性引物进行PCR,定性检测各类环境样品所携带致病性弧菌的分布状况。结果显示,弧菌广泛存在于杂色鲍养殖环境中,且杂色鲍养殖池池水中的弧菌密度大于进水口海水。在养殖环境生物中,不同环境生物中每克生物所携带的弧菌数差别很大,其中盘管虫、海蟑螂、等足类所携带的弧菌数最多,而海鞘携带的弧菌数最少。在常见的4种致病性弧菌的检测结果上,创伤弧菌和溶藻弧菌阳性率均为3.4%。通过研究弧菌在杂色鲍养殖环境中弧菌的分布特征,为杂色鲍养殖中流行性弧菌病的预防提供科学依据。     

澜沧江源区浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用

为了探究澜沧江源区水生态现状与变化趋势,在干流囊谦段布置多昌、扎曲大桥及香达3个监测点,支流选择子曲的下拉秀、尕麻和野吉尼玛3个监测点,共计6个监测点位,于2016年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对澜沧江源区干流及其支流浮游植物进行了调查,以期为三江源区水生态保护与管理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)记录浮游植物7门、47种,其中硅藻(21种)和绿藻(14种)为主要成分,分别占总种类数的45%和30%;时空差异明显,夏季较秋季种类丰富,支流较干流种类丰富;优势种以硅藻为主,其中针杆藻(Synedra sp.)为两季度绝对优势种;(2)澜沧江源区浮游植物密度为5.4×10~4～230×10~4个/L,平均密度为79×10~4个/L,硅藻贡献最大;时空差异明显,秋季高于夏季,支流高于干流;(3)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)夏季为2.32,秋季为2.72,Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季为0.73,秋季为0.70。研究显示,澜沧江源区水质介于极贫营养至中营养之间,处于轻度污染至无污染状态,水生态状况整体优良。     

海水贝类养殖中的问题及对策

正近几年,海水养殖业规模迅速扩大,产量大幅度增加,养殖形势及前景良好。继藻类和虾类养殖产业发展高潮之后,贝类养殖已发展为世界最大规模的养殖产业,对沿海经济的发展发挥着重大作用。但由于养殖户发展养殖生产的积极性无度发挥,片面追求高产,重数量、轻管理,过多地消耗资     

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.     

三角帆蚌消化酶的分布特性和晶杆的形态结构

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumineii)隶属瓣鳃纲、真瓣鳃目、蚌科,是我国的特有种[1],也是我国生产淡水珍珠的主要贝类[2],产出的珍珠以其品质高而享誉全球.     

温度对达氏鳇、施氏鲟及其正反杂交种生长的影响

将体质量(24.55±1.04)g的施氏鲟、达氏鳇及其正反杂交种幼鱼放养在循环水系统中,水温控制在15、18、21、24、27℃和30℃下,常规饲养60d,比较其生长、存活、变异系数和肥满度,以探讨4种鲟鱼幼鱼的最适生长温度。试验结果表明,4种鲟鱼在21~24℃时,生长性能、存活率和肥满度较高;然而,高温和低温对4种鲟鱼的生长、存活和肥满度都产生负影响。在最适温度下,4种鲟鱼体质量增加速度由高至低为达氏鳇施氏鲟(♀)×达氏鳇(♂)达氏鳇(♀)×施氏鲟(♂)施氏鲟。以特定生长率为指标,估算出4种鲟鱼的最适生长水温区间分别为18.67~28.00℃、21.51~31.32℃、21.21~29.64℃和17.81~27.00℃。     

海带粗提物及褐藻酸钠寡糖的保湿与抗氧化作用研究

以海带为原料提取海带粗提物,以褐藻酸钠制备古罗糖醛酸寡糖与甘露糖醛酸寡糖,研究比较海带粗提物、褐藻酸钠、古罗糖醛酸寡糖、甘露糖醛酸寡糖及岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的吸湿、保湿性及抗氧化性。试验结果表明,海带粗提物、褐藻酸钠、古罗糖醛酸寡糖及甘露糖醛酸寡糖具有较高的吸湿性与保湿性,且古罗糖醛酸寡糖、甘露糖醛酸寡糖、褐藻酸钠及岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基均有较强的清除作用。     

戊唑醇、二甲戊灵和氟节胺的棉花化学打顶效果

为研究开发新型、高效、安全的棉花化学打顶剂,筛选适于棉花的化学打顶剂配方,选择杀菌剂戊唑醇、除草剂二甲戊灵和抑芽剂氟节胺3种药剂,于2020年在河南安阳进行棉花化学打顶试验,研究其化学打顶效果.结果表明:430 g·L-1戊唑醇悬浮剂(SC)258 g·hm-2(有效成分用量,下同)+330 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油(E...