河北省小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

高分子量麦谷蛋白(HMW-GS)亚基组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要蛋白组分,对小麦品质具有重要影响。本研究利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法分析了148份河北省小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成及其历史变化。结果表明:在148份小麦品种中共检测到16种HMW-GS亚基和43种亚基组合。在Glu-A1位点,有3种亚基类型,以null和1亚基为主;Glu-B1位点有7种亚基类型,以"7+9"和"7+8"亚基为主;Glu-D1位点有6种亚基类型,以"2+12"亚基类型为主。在43种亚基组合中,以"null、7+9、2+12"组合为主,其他亚基组合尤其是与品质有关的亚基组合相对较少。从河北省小麦品种HMW-GS的历史演变来看,优质蛋白亚基及其组合虽然近年来有所提高,但仍需进一步加强。     

水稻PDK2基因原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

本研究以水稻幼苗为材料,通过RT-PCR扩增得到1.1kb的编码PDK2(登录号:AK100033)基因的片段,成功构建重组表达载体pET-23d-PDK2并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。研究结果表明,重组蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,且PDK2的最佳表达条件为:28℃,120r/min,0.5mmol/L IPTG诱导60min。经纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔以制备PDK2多克隆抗体。Western blot检测表明该抗体的特异性和效价较好,这为进一步研究水稻PDK2的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

拮抗细菌A2菌株的鉴定及其对小麦白粉病的防治效果

为适应现代无公害农业的发展,针对小麦白粉病的防治,从保护地土壤中分离得到一株生防细菌A2。通过形态学特征、生理生化特性的观察和测定,结合16S rDNA序列分析并构建系统发育树,对菌株A2进行了初步鉴定。同时,以清水为对照,测定了菌株A2对3432品种小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果显示该菌株主要特征是菌体杆状,内生芽孢、芽孢卵圆形,革兰氏染色阳性,好氧,接触酶反应、乙酰甲基甲醇实验为阳性,能利用柠檬酸盐;该菌株与亲缘关系较近菌株B.subtilis isolate G8的同源性达99%。结合以上两点,将菌株A2初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（B. subtilis）。防效实验显示菌株A2发酵液处理最好防治效果为72.22%;无菌滤液处理最好防治效果为29.24%,与对照相比均具有显著性差异（α=0.05）。表明,拮抗菌株A2菌体与代谢产物对小麦白粉病都具有较强的防治作用,为研制型、无毒、无公害生物农药提供了依据。     

基于PLC的番茄收获机分离装置转速控制系统设计

4FZ-30型番茄收获机分离装置的液压马达转速在工作过程中受发动机转速以及负载等因素影响较大。为提高番茄收获机分离装置转速的控制精度,以PLC为核心设计了分离装置转速控制系统,给出了系统的硬件构成以及马达转速的采集、转速PID控制的程序流程图,并设计了触摸屏的人机操作界面。该系统有效地提高了对番茄收获机分离装置转速的控制精度。     

棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性机理研究

以羧酸酯酶抑制剂磷酸三苯酯（ＴＰＰ）和多功能氧化酶抑制剂增效醚（ＰＢＯ）以及￣（１４）Ｃ－氰戊菊酯为材料，选择对氰戊菊酯具有不同抗性程度的棉铃虫自然种群为试虫，研究其抗性机理。结果表明：棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性与其体内酯酶活性无关，而与多功能氧化酶活性直接相关；同时，表皮对氰戊菊酯的渗透性降低也是棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯产生抗性的强化因子。     

Molecular fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestifer by repetitive sequence PCR.

Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium associated with epizootic infections in poultry. A total of 35 R. anatipestifer isolates including the type strain ATCC11845T, reference and field strains for 18 different serotypes were characterized by repetitive sequence based-PCR (rep-PCR) with outwardly-directed primers based on the repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) consensus sequence. This technique was applied by using either extracted genomic DNA or preparation of whole bacterial cells harvested directly from plate cultures. Rep-PCR discriminated the R. anatipestifer isolates into 19 electrophoretic types. DNA fingerprints obtained from rep-PCR of extracted genomic DNA or from preparations of whole cells yielded comparable patterns. Substantial variation was seen among the rep-PCR fingerprints of different serotypes. Moreover, different polymorphisms of the rep-PCR fingerprints were evident among epidemiologically unrelated isolates of the same serotype. These results suggest the presence of repetitive extragenic palindromic-like elements within the genome of R. anatipestifer that can be used in some isolates to discriminate between different strains belonging to the same serotype. Rep-PCR may serve as a useful molecular tool for subtyping R. anatipestifer isolates for epidemiologic investigations. The whole cell procedure offers the advantage of ease of performance requiring only small quantities of cells.     

品种和氮肥对早稻纹枯病影响的定量研究

分别研究了品种、施氮量及其互作对早稻纹枯病的影响。结果表明:纹枯病的发展随施氮量的增加而加重,施氮量(N)与病害发展速率比值(RR)关系模型是:RR=1.07899/[1+1.21482EXP(-0.22775*N)]。纹枯病对氮量的灵敏点在每亩施纯氮7.5—12.5公斤内;品种间抗感差异明显,其感病程度可分为三类,各类品种系数可互换;品种与施氮量互作对病情发展影响显著,施氮量对品种抗感性有一定影响,组建了各类品种系数与施氮量关系的数学模型。     

甘蔗育种研究进展

甘蔗是世界上最为重要的糖料作物和能源作物之一。本文简要介绍了国内甘蔗杂交育种现状,并分别对国内外甘蔗抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂、抗逆性、作为生物反应器、提高蔗糖含量及改良蔗糖色泽等方面转基因育种的研究进展进行较为详尽的综述。     

不同粒径鹧鸪茶粉体表征与理化特性的比较研究

本研究以海南植物鹧鸪茶为研究对象,比较了鹧鸪粗粉（D₅₀为120.45 mm）、细粉（D₅₀为65.86 mm）、超微粉Ⅰ、超微粉Ⅱ和超微粉Ⅲ5种粉体的表征与理化特性。通过色度测定、粒径测定、电镜扫描分析、红外光谱分析,探究5种不同粒径鹧鸪粉体的加工特性、流动性,以及5种粉体茶多糖和皂苷含量的变化规律。结果表明:随着粉体粒径逐渐减小,其溶解度、润湿性、流动性均增大,膨胀度、持水力减小;鹧鸪茶超微粉的茶多糖、皂苷含量明显高于粗粉、细粉;随着超微粉碎时间的延长,茶多糖含量逐渐增大,皂苷含量各不相同。不同粒径鹧鸪茶粉体的特性各不相同,综合比较得出,超微粉的溶解度、茶多糖、皂苷含量较高,更容易被人体吸收,生物利用度高,加工方便。因此,鹧鸪茶超微粉具有较好的开发前景。     

In vitro inhibition of epithelial cell invasion by Aeromonashydrophila Vibrio species by fish Aeromonas hydrophila major adhesin

A virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila (PPD 134/91) was obtained from the Primary Production Department, Singapore. Its major adhesin was isolated and purified by potassium thiocyanate extraction and Bio-Gel P-100 gel filtration. The ability of the protein in peak 1, termed major adhesin, to inhibit bacteria from adhering to and invading host cells was studied in vitro using epithelioma papillosum cells of carp (EPC). Results showed that a concentration of 10 μg ml^–1 of this major adhesin could competitively inhibit 28% of A. hydrophila PPD 134/91 from invading EPC cells in vitro. When the concentration was increased to 40 μg ml^–1, the major adhesin significantly cross-inhibited nine other virulent or weakly virulent strains of A. hydrophila. In addition, the major adhesin significantly inhibited not only another bacterial strain from the same family, Aeromonas sobria, but also strains of Vibrio spp. tested. Therefore, we suggest that the major adhesin of this virulent A. hydrophila strain has the potential to be used as a vaccine against the heterogeneous Aeromonas and Vibrio species.