Effects of beta-glucanase-producing Lactobacillus strains on growth, dry matter and crude protein digestibilities and apparent metabolisable energy in broiler chickens

The effects of beta-glucanase expressed by transformed Lactobacillus strains on growth performance, apparent digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein, and apparent metabolisable energy were studied. Two hundred and forty 1-d-old chicks (Avian-43) were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups and fed with the following diets: (i) basal diet (control) (BD); (ii) basal diet with parental Lactobacillus strains (BDP) and (iii) basal diet with transformed Lactobacillus strains (BDT). At 21 d of age, the body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the BDT-fed chickens were significantly improved. At 14 and 21 d of age, the proportions of dry matter in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca and excreta of chickens given the BDT diet were significantly higher than those of chickens given the BD and BDP diets. Apparent metabolisable energy, digestibilities of crude protein and dry matter were also significantly improved (by 3.5, 5.6 and 3.5%, respectively) by the BDT diet. These results showed that the transformed Lactobacillus strains improved digestibility as well as enhanced the growth performance of chickens.     

妊娠山羊宫内胎儿脐动脉插管手术方法的研究

为了优化山羊胎儿脐动脉插管模型,本试验采用医用硬膜外导管对单胎妊娠120日龄的山羊进行胎儿脐动脉插管手术,对其手术途径、导管类型、插管方法、麻醉和术后护理进行研究。术后可顺利采集胎儿血液样本,1周后母山羊正常分娩。本试验建立的山羊胎儿脐动脉插管模型的手术方案,可为胎儿疾病的诊断及临床用药等提供试验基础。     

湖南省新化县高风险区羊布鲁氏菌病横断面研究及活羊流通网络调查

湖南省新化县近几年动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例不断增多。为掌握新化县羊群布鲁氏菌病的群体流行率,了解饲养场户、贩运户和经销商对该病的知晓情况以及羊贩运户和经销商的一般经济行为,寻找养殖环节中导致布鲁氏菌感染的风险因素,应用流行病学方法,以新化县10个乡镇现存栏羊15只以上的养殖场户为研究对象,第一阶段以场户为单位,以估计流行率为目的,以名单为抽样框,随机抽样;第二阶段在群内选择个体,以发现疫病为目的,随机或基于风险采样。将采集的血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和竞争酶联免疫吸附垂直试验进行检测。重点调查出现动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例乡镇的养殖场,以及活羊贩运经纪人和经销商等从业人员,掌握羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况和活羊流通情况。调查结果显示:新化县高风险区存栏羊15只以上养殖场户的羊布鲁氏菌病流行率为0(95%CI:0～2.8%);新化县羊养殖场户以小规模自繁自养为主,一般放牧于自家附近山头;出栏羊主要在县内流通,养殖场户内生物安全防护措施不到位;养殖场户的布鲁氏菌病总体知晓率为80.6%,屠宰零售商为15.2%,贩运经纪人为25.0%,职业人群自我防护差;活羊调入以省外为主,冬季调运频繁,主要流向屠宰终端,经纪人在流通环节中充当重要角色。调查结果提示:应加强活羊流通领域的检疫监管,特别是冬季,要提高监测频次;当地需坚持实行"监测+扑杀"的综合防控策略,持续开展布鲁氏菌病相关的健康宣教和行为干预,重点针对屠宰经销商和经纪人,以提高职业人群的预防意识,培养其良好的职业行为和习惯。本研究为新化县布鲁氏菌病防控提供了依据,也为全国布鲁氏菌病防控积累了经验。     

日粮中添加柠檬酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

将36只21日龄的艾维茵仔鸡,随机分成6组(第一组为对照组),试验采用玉米-豆饼型基础日粮,各组日粮柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.15%、0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%,试验期5周,研究了日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明,日粮中添加0.25%的柠檬酸,鸡增重最快;添加2%柠檬酸,可显著降低肉鸡增重;添加0.15%、0.25%柠檬酸.鸡的饲料报酬最高.添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有显著影响,其中添加0.25%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高.因此认为,日粮添加0.25%柠檬酸为适宜添加量,添加2%柠檬酸为其最大耐受量.     

富马酸二甲酯的合成和应用

添加化学防腐剂是防止饲料腐败变质的一种常用方法。目前,我国经常使用的化学防腐剂有苯甲酸(盐)、山梨酸(盐)、尼泊金酯、丙酸钙和双乙酸钠等。这些防腐剂有的应用pH值和抗菌谱窄,有的价格较高。富马酸二甲酯是一种高效低毒的化学防腐剂,对霉菌有良好的抑制作用。     

湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展的探索与实践

湖南省主动适应兽医工作新形势,积极推进兽医社会化服务发展,创新服务体制机制,扎实稳妥开展兽医社会化服务试点。本文总结了湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展取得的成效,包括防疫效果提升、人员待遇提高、职能定位明确,发展空间拓宽等,分析了改革试点中存在的社会化服务组织发展困难、财政投入不足、监管体系能力薄弱等问题,提出了加强统筹协调、注重组织培育、加强财政保障、强化绩效评估等发展建议,为全面推进兽医社会化服务提供了借鉴。     

桑树品种对黄化型萎缩病抗病性与过氧化物酶关系的研究

不同抗黄化型萎缩病能力的桑品种枝皮的过氧化物酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明，品种间同工酶带差异明显，其酶带数目与桑品种抗病性成正相关。不同抗性品种接种类菌原体（ＭＬＯ）后，经不同时段过氧化物酶同工酶酶带区和酶带数与未接种的无明显差异，但酶带均有不同程度的加强，且随着接种后经过日数的增多而加强。因此，认为过氧化物酶是桑树抗ＭＬＯ的机制组分之一。     

2020—2021年湖南省娄底市活禽批发市场市场链调查

为了解湖南省娄底市活禽批发市场活禽来源与流通情况,对2020—2021年娄底市2个活禽批发市场活禽调入、调出情况进行了调查.结果显示:每年调入娄底市活禽批发市场的活禽超过3000批次,数量超过600万羽;调入活禽种类有鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等品种,其中活鸡比例超过80％;活禽批发市场主要以省内调入为主,还涉及12个省(自治区)...     

日粮钾水平对乳牛红细胞钾含量的影响

随机选择14头奶牛,作日粮中不同钾水平对红细胞钾水平影响的试验。试验期在基础日粮中分别添加氯化钾60,100,160g/·头,测定各添加阶段奶牛红细胞钾,血浆钾和全血钾含量。结果表明,日粮钾水平对红细胞钾含量无显著影响(P>0．05),但使血浆钾及全血钾含量升高     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The effect of dietary methionine levels on endogenous nitrogen and endogenous amino acids flows in growing goats

The effect of dietary methionine (Met) levels on endogenous N and amino acids (AA) flows at different part of the digestive tract of growing goats was determined using a ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique. Three goats (25 ± 2.5 kg) were fitted with the ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae and allocated to three dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary treatments consisted of a total mixed ration containing three levels of Met (0.15%, 0.25% and 0.35%) respectively. It was found that at 0.15% Met level, the lowest flow in endogenous N and total AA at the duodenum and ileum occurred. The endogenous N secretion contributed to 26% and 23% of the duodenal and ileal total N flows, respectively, and the proportions were not affected by the dietary Met levels. The duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous total AA were 11.1, 11.8, 11.3 g/d and 2.9, 3.9, 4.1 g/d respectively. The average real digestibility of N was 65%, 87% and 95% in the forestomach, intestine and whole digestive tract respectively.