Aerosol delivery of kinase-deficient Akt1 attenuates Clara cell injury induced by naphthalene in the lungs of dual luciferase mice

Conventional lung cancer therapies are associated with poor survival rates; therefore, new approaches such as gene therapy are required for treating cancer. Gene therapies for treating lung cancer patients can involve several approaches. Among these, aerosol gene delivery is a potentially more effective approach. In this study, Akt1 kinase-deficient (KD) and wild-type (WT) Akt1 were delivered to the lungs of CMV-LucR-cMyc-IRES-LucF dual reporter mice through a nose only inhalation system using glucosylated polyethylenimine and naphthalene was administrated to the mice via intraperitoneal injection. Aerosol delivery of Akt1 WT and naphthalene treatment increased protein levels of downstream substrates of Akt signaling pathway while aerosol delivery of Akt1 KD did not. Our results showed that naphthalene affected extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein levels, ERK-related signaling, and induced Clara cell injury. However, Clara cell injury induced by naphthalene was considerably attenuated in mice exposed to Akt1 KD. Furthermore, a dual luciferase activity assay showed that aerosol delivery of Akt1 WT and naphthalene treatment enhanced cap-dependent protein translation, while reduced cap-dependent protein translation was observed after delivering Akt1 KD. These studies demonstrated that our aerosol delivery is compatible for in vivo gene delivery.     

Molecular characterization of tetracycline- and quinolone-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Korea

The antibiotic resistance of 16 Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in Korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. Tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations. Among the tetracycline-resistant strains, seven of the isolates harbored tetA gene and one isolate harbored tetE gene. Additionally, quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) consisting of the gyrA and parC genes were amplified and sequenced. Among the quinolone-resistant A. salmonicida strains, 15 harbored point mutations in the gyrA codon 83 which were responsible for the corresponding amino acid substitutions of Ser⁸³→Arg⁸³ or Ser⁸³→Asn⁸³. We detected no point mutations in other QRDRs, such as gyrA codons 87 and 92, and parC codons 80 and 84. Genetic similarity was assessed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the results indicated high clonality among the Korean antibiotic-resistant strains of A. salmonicida.     

Computed tomographic evaluation of abdominal fat in minipigs

Computed tomography (CT) exams were conducted to determine the distribution of abdominal fat identified based on the CT number measured in Hounsfield Units (HU) and to measure the volume of the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat in minipigs. The relationship between the CT-based fat volumes of several vertebral levels and the entire abdomen and anthropometric data including the sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference were evaluated. Moreover, the total fat volumes at the T11, T13, L3, and L5 levels were compared with the total fat volume of the entire abdomen to define the landmark of abdominal fat distribution. Using a single-detector CT, six 6-month-old male minipigs were scanned under general anesthesia. Three radiologists then assessed the HU value of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat by drawing the region of interest manually at the T11, T13, L1, L3, and L5 levels. The CT number and abdominal fat determined in this way by the three radiologists was found to be correlated (intra-class coefficient = 0.9). The overall HU ranges for the visceral and subcutaneous fat depots were -147.47 to -83.46 and -131.62 to -90.97, respectively. The total fat volume of the entire abdomen was highly correlated with the volume of abdominal fat at the T13 level (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrate that the volume of abdominal adipose tissue measured at the T13 level using CT is a strong and reliable predictor of total abdominal adipose volume.     

植物乳杆菌α-半乳糖苷酶基因（melA）的克隆与序列分析

试验以L.plantarum1.557的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR技术扩增α-半乳糖苷酶基因（melA）基因,PCR产物经纯化回收后克隆至pMD18-T载体中,转化E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒进行SacⅠ和Sph Ⅰ酶切及PCR扩增鉴定,并对melA基因片段进行序列测定。结果表明,测得的melA基因序列全长2240 bp,含有酶切位点、启动子、SD序列及编码738个氨基酸的开放阅读框,理论分子质量为84 ku;4种核苷酸中GC含量为47.45%、AT含量为52.55%;序列中有3个碱基发生了变化,均为无义突变,未导致其推导的氨基酸的改变;序列测定结果与GenBank中登录的序列进行比较,核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性除与AY873840相比分别为96.6%和92.2%外,其余均大于99%。试验成功克隆了melA基因,为进一步构建重组表达载体奠定了基础。     

不同成熟度哈密瓜采后生理和品质的变化

哈密瓜是新疆的特产瓜菜之一,但新疆距离哈密瓜主消费区路途遥远,因而开展哈密瓜采收适宜成熟度的研究对其产业发展具有重要意义。对不同成熟度黄皮9818哈密瓜贮藏期间生理及品质变化的试验研究结果表明,不同成熟度黄皮9818果实中心可溶性固形物含量以第2批采收的果实贮藏至第14天最高,为16.99%,且在贮藏结束时其含量也最高,为16.50%;3批果实有机酸、维生素C含量均以第2批果实最高,平均分别为0.83%、28.8610-2mg·g-1;果实硬度,POD、SOD活性,MDA含量则以第1批果实最好。口感方面,贮藏至第28天时,3批果实口感均较好,第1批果实较脆,第2批果实脆甜,第3批果实细腻甘甜。综合不同成熟度黄皮9818哈密瓜贮藏后果实营养品质、生理指标和口感等因素全面考虑,鄯善地区黄皮9818在雌花开放后42d、果实九成熟为适宜采收期。     

沙漠水渠人工固沙区沙篙和沙拐枣灌丛的土壤水分特征对比

在古尔班通古特沙漠引水渠沿线建植5a的人工固沙区内,选择自然生长的沙蒿和沙拐枣灌丛,依据冠幅大小设置5个水平距离梯度和4个土层深度梯度.对比研究了二者的土壤水分特征.结果表明,随土层深度的增加,两种灌丛土壤含水量均呈增加趋.,中下部2层(20～40 cm和40～60 cm)土壤含水量显著(P<0.05)高于上部2层(0...     

重引入普氏野马、蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的秋季营养生态位

2009年秋季在新疆卡拉麦里山自然保护区乔木西拜,系统采集了重引入普氏野马（Equus przewalskii）、蒙古野驴（E.hemionus）和鹅喉羚（Gazella subgutturosa）的新鲜粪便,运用粪便显微分析法研究三者的秋季食性及其食物生态位。结果显示：普氏野马、鹅喉羚和蒙古野驴采食的植物种类基本相似...     

中国农牧与风水蚀交错区的空间格局与生态恢复

运用遥感与 GIS为技术支撑 ,以专家知识为依据 ,从而定量计算出中国的农牧与风水蚀交错区。在此基础上 ,阐述二者在空间上的分布特征。风水蚀交错区主要分布于我国大兴安岭 -阴山 ,秦岭 -祁连山一线分布的区域 ,农牧交错区主要分布于辽宁与内蒙古接壤处 ,山西北部 ,陕西北部 ,到甘肃东部 ,秦岭以北 ,六盘山以东的地区 ,二者在空间格局上的不重合 ,使得我国 ,特别是北方地区存在两个生态脆弱区 ,这样对环境产生不利影响。进而从生态重建的角度提出治理对策。     

青菜的原生质体培养

从青菜的下胚轴和根原生质体培养获得大量的愈伤组织并形成根。比较了影响青菜下胚轴和根原生质体分离的因素。培养基、培养方式、激素、椰子水、芸苔素等对培养效果有不同程度的影响。探讨了与青菜原生质体培养褐化有关的一些因素。进行了多种分化试验     

长武王东沟小流域土地利用变化及驱动力研究

对王东沟流域1994年和2002年的土地利用现状进行了分析,揭示了近几年来该区土地利用变化的主要类型及各种土地利用类型的空间格局变化特征。研究表明,该区土地利用方式以耕地、园地、林地为主,变化以耕地和园地为主,并且主要集中在塬面上。自然因素、比较经济效益和宏观政策是该区土地利用变化的主要驱动力。最后,从农业可持续发展角度,对试区土地利用提出了建议。