2008年浙江余姚棉花品种比较试验

因近几年来流入浙江余姚市的棉花品种较多,为寻找适合余姚棉区更好的主栽品种,2008年引进各地优势品种共7个,进行比较试验。     

夏玉米田作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发模拟计算方法研究

本文依据能量平衡原理和质量守恒定律，提出了作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发的估算模式，并对参数的估算做了详细的分析和讨论。最后利用试验区实测资料，通过田间水热耦合运移的数值模拟，对夏玉米田作物蒸腾棵间土壤蒸发模型及其模拟计算方法进行了验证，结果表明，本文提出的模型和模拟计算方法是有效而实用的。     

理论灌输模式的建构

运用模式方法研究高校思想政治教育是当前教育研究的崭新领域,对于提高高校思想政治教育的实效性具有重要意义.理论灌输模式作为高校思想政治教育模式的一种,包括教育者、受教育者、教育内容、教育手段四个要素和激发动机、理论传授、理论学习、检查巩固、实践运用、总结评价等操作环节,它主要应用于高校思想政治理论课模式、通识教育模式、政治理论学习模式和个别辅导模式等.     

纳豆激酶液体发酵条件的优化

利用单因素及正交试验,对纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis natto)液体发酵生产纳豆激酶(Nattokinase,NK)的培养基组成(碳氮比和离子组成)和培养条件(温度、pH值、发酵时间、接种量和装液量等)对产酶量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,最佳发酵培养基组成及发酵条件分别为:可溶性淀粉2.0%,大豆蛋白胨1.5%,Na2HPO4·12H2O0.4%,KH2PO40.2%,MgSO4·7H2O0.075%,CaCl20.01%,培养温度37℃,pH值7.0,发酵时间24h,转速180r/min,种龄16h,接种量3%,装液量25mL/250mL。在优化发酵条件基础上,进行了5,20L发酵工艺放大的初步研究,在此条件下,摇瓶,5L罐和20L罐发酵酶活最高分别达到915,1086,946IU/mL。     

Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration,endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize

Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi-arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought-tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth-leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha⁻¹) and N3 (N300 kg N ha⁻¹) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi-arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100-grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.     

Forest biomass and root–shoot allocation in northeast China

Temperate and boreal forests act as major sinks for atmospheric CO₂. To assess the magnitude and distribution of the sinks more precisely, an accurate estimation of forest biomass is required. However, the determinants of large-scale biomass pattern (especially root biomass) are still poorly understood for these forests in China. In this study, we used 515 field measurements of biomass across the northeast part of China, to examine factors affecting large-scale biomass pattern and root–shoot biomass allocation. Our results showed that, Picea & Abies forest and coniferous & broadleaf mixed forest had the highest mean biomass (178–202 Mg/ha), while Pinus sylvestris forest the lowest (78 Mg/ha). The root:shoot (R/S) biomass ratio ranged between 0.09 and 0.67 in northeast China, with an average of 0.27. Forest origin (primary/secondary/planted forest) explained 31–37% of variation in biomass (total, shoot and root), while climate explained only 8–15%, reflecting the strong effect of disturbance on forest biomass. Compared with shoot biomass, root biomass was less limited by precipitation as a result of biomass allocation change. R/S ratio was negatively related to water availability, shoot biomass, stand age, height and volume, suggesting significant effects of climate and ontogeny on biomass allocation. Root–shoot biomass relationships also differed significantly between natural and planted forests, and between broadleaf and coniferous forests. Shoot biomass, climate and forest origin were the most important predictors for root biomass, and together explained 83% of the variation. This model provided a better way for estimating root biomass than the R/S ratio method, which predicted root biomass with a R² of 0.71.     

美国车厘子组织培养试验

采用美国思加图车厘子室内盆栽萌发的嫩芽和老芽作为外植体,分析不同处理时间对车厘子外植体萌芽效果的影响;采用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对其进行诱导增殖和生根培养,筛选最佳组培方法。结果表明：嫩芽是车厘子外植体的最佳选择,通过7 s酒精和0.1%升汞9 min消毒获得无菌体,污染率低、褐化率较低、萌芽率60%。芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数为3.92。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.6 mg/L,生根率为100%。移栽炼苗基质比例为V（腐殖土）∶V（红土）=4∶6,盖膜驯化,保湿温度（25±2）℃,湿度80%,成活率达90%以上。     

田面微地形对滴灌灌水均匀性的影响

首先分析了田面微地形对滴头实际工作压力的影响,田面越不平整,滴头实际工作压力与设计工作压力的差值越大,当田面局部高差大于滴头设计工作压力时,滴头流量等于零;然后提出了田面微地形产生的流量偏差率公式,并用泰勒级数展开;最后利用描述统计方法和独立样本T-检验的方法对余项进行分析,置信度为99%的余项取值区间为0.001￣0.002,说明余项能够被忽略,田面微地形产生的流量偏差率公式可以用简单的形式来表示。     

城乡绿道的游憩功能实现及产品开发

在乡村旅游发展过程中,以生态休闲为特色的绿道应当作为乡村旅游规划的元素之一。文中简述目前绿道建设存在的误区,提出适宜城市居民游憩的绿道选择,并对城乡绿道的游憩功能实现途径进行探讨,对基于绿道建设的旅游开发进行展望。     

云南含笑地被苗培育技术

阐述了云南含笑的形态特征、生物学特性,从育苗技术、苗木移植、整形修剪等技术环节总结了云南含笑地被苗的培育技术。