大兴安岭湖通河野生五味子药用资源保护区自然生态质量评价分析

从植被类型多样性、物种多样性、生态系统的稳定性和脆弱性、面积适宜性几个方面对大兴安岭湖通河五味子药用资源保护区的自然生态质量进行了评价和分析。     

浅议工业厂房照明设计中的节能措施

伴随着中国经济的迅速发展,民用及工业建筑类的照明水平逐年提高。在照明设计中,应遵循在满足现代化工业厂房使用要求的同时,采用合理的技术措施达到节能、节约的设计理念,使热电厂的照明设计总体达到"安全可靠、经济适用、符合国情"的要求。     

地膜覆盖对杂种落叶松二代林造林微环境和生长的效应

为了改善落叶松二代林造林微环境、促进造林后幼林的生长,在佳木斯市孟家岗林场落叶松二代林造林过程中采用了地膜覆盖效应试验。试验结果表明,造林时铺设地膜能够显著提高土壤表层(0～10cm)温度和土壤上层(0～30cm)含水量(P0.05),生长季的初期(5月)、中期(6月)和末期(10月),土温分别提高0.9、1.6、0.7℃,土壤含水量分别增加5.2%、1.8%、1.9%。覆有地膜的落叶松的高生长和地径生长均显著高于无地膜处理(P0.05),造林当年和第二年,覆膜与不覆膜的高和地径增幅分别为16.78%和3.23%及32.70%和21.21%。试验证明,落叶松造林过程中铺设地膜能够有效促进落叶松二代林成林阶段苗木的生长。     

中国产业开发扶贫的经验及对发展中国家的启示

中国十几年的扶贫经验表明,产业开发扶贫是带动贫困地区产业结构调整和农民就业结构调整,帮助农户脱贫的有效措施。本文旨在通过探讨中国产业开发扶贫提出的背景,阐明中国实施产业开发扶贫的必要性,并结合案例分析中国实施的两种主要的产业开发扶贫模式的反贫困机理,以期为正在实施产业开发扶贫的发展中国家提供一些借鉴与启示。     

百花花楸活性成分季节变化研究

研究百花花楸活性成分季节变化,以期为百花花楸活性成分药用价值开发提供理论基础。以百花花楸不同季节枝、叶、果为原料,采用化学系统鉴别法及紫外-可见分光光度法对总黄酮、总多糖、总萜进行定量。百花花楸不同部位化学成分有一定区别,主要在皂苷、蒽醌、及甾醇类;随季节总黄酮、总多糖及总萜有一定变化,一般来说7、8、9月为最佳采摘季节。百花花楸活性成分季节变化较为明显,且常见活性成分含量较高,尤其果实和叶,有一定食用及药用价值。     

Performance of four Chinese Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, under various temperature and humidity regimes

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important rice pests worldwide. However, biological control of this pest using natural enemies has rarely been documented. Indigenous natural populations of four Trichogramma species (i.e., T. japonicum, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi, and T. ostriniae) were collected from the eggs of C. suppressalis in paddy fields. With the objective of screening suitable candidate species for controlling the striped stem borer, parasitism by these four Trichogramma species of the eggs of their native host, C. suppressalis, was evaluated at five temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34?°C) and four relative humidity (RH) regimes (30, 50, 70, and 90?%). The temperature and the humidity significantly affected the ability of all of the Trichogramma species to parasitize the eggs of their host. T. chilonis parasitized more eggs at 26?°C than at the other temperatures. By contrast, T. dendrolimi, T. ostriniae, and T. japonicum performed best within a wider temperature range. The host number parasitized was highest at 70?% RH and differed significantly among the Trichogramma species at all of the temperatures and humidities tested, except at 30?°C and 50?% RH. Generally, T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum performed better than the other species at 18–26 and 30–34?°C, respectively, whereas T. ostriniae parasitized the fewest host eggs at 30–70?% RH. Both T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum appear to be promising candidates for augmentative release against C. suppressalis in northeastern China.     

Efficiency of methods applied for goat estrous synchronization in subtropical monsoonal climate zone of Southwest China

Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1, a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF_2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF_2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively.     

世界种植业产品贸易发展现状与趋势分析

本文分析了1990年以来植物性产品贸易发展状况和市场格局,归纳了其发展特征,并展望了其中短期走势.     

望江县易灾区种植业结构调整实例及其启示

望江县是一个以生产棉粮油为主的农业大县。近 10年来 ,夏季大小洪涝灾害平均 2年一遇 ,农业生产损失巨大 ,加之近年大宗农产品收购价格下调 ,种植传统的棉粮油作物效益下降。沿江棉区新农村针对农业生产面临的突出问题 ,调整种植结构 :棉地实行间作套种 ;压缩棉花面积 ,扩种玉米、豆类、蔬菜 ,科学安排茬口 ,规避夏季水灾 ;改低洼棉地种植莲藕 ,能有效地抗灾避灾增效。根据新农村的实践 ,笔者认为 :望江洲圩易灾区种植业结构调整 ,一要因地制宜 ,合理布局 ,科学安排茬口 ,以抗灾避灾 ;二要扩大特色作物种植面积 ;三要依靠科技提高效益 ;四要提供新型优质服务     

侵染马铃薯的烟草坏死病毒的鉴定

 1987年自东北农学院马铃薯区域试验材料(东农85-3334)上分离到烟草坏死病毒(Tobacco Necro-sis Virus简称TNV)。