我国西北、西南地区牧草种子质量及其影响因素分析

１９９３和１９９４年，对我国西北、西南７省（区）主要生产、经销的１１种１１０个种批的牧草和草坪草种子进行了现场扦样、质量检验和质量定级，并对影响种子质量的因素进行了调查与分析。结果表明：被检种的平均合格率为７１．４％，其一、二、三级及不合格种子分别占３６．０％、１２．７％、２２．７％和２８．６％。种批的质量以进口坪用草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和国产苇状羊茅（坪用）和老芒麦质量最好，种批平均质量均达一级；其次为国产多年生黑麦草（坪用）和毛苕子，虽然各含三级和／或二级种子，但合格率为１００％。其它被检种质量较低，尤其是紫花苜蓿（１９９３年检）、沙打旺（１９９４年检）、苏丹草和红豆草，不合格种批率分别为６０％、７０％、８０％和１００％。种子质量低的主要表现为多数种杂质含量高和杂草种子严重超标，部分种发芽率低以及个别种水分含量过高。影响种子质量的主要因素为（１）种子生产不规范，技术落后；（２）生产和经营者缺乏必备的种子收获、清选机具以及种子收后质量管理知识；（３）种子经营混乱，信息不畅，产销脱节等。就如何尽快提高我国牧草种子质量以及加强种子质量管理等问题提出了建议。     

“三三法”快速检测沙门氏菌的研究

将DHL平板上产H_2S和不产H_2S的菌落分别用TSI、LMA、甘露醇或TSI、LMA、ONPG三管判定,辅以肠杆菌科诊断噬菌体0—1、C多价、E多价三滴法快速检测沙门氏菌的方法简称“三三法”。近两年来我们用此法检测了125批、341份样品中236株可疑菌株,检出沙门氏菌27株、11个血清型,经系统生化验证符合率100％。表明该法具有快速、简便、准确、实用的优点。     

Expression kinetics of chicken β2-microglobulin and Class I MHC in vitro and in vivo during Marek’s disease viral infections

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction.     

应用异烟肼复合剂治疗奶牛结核病的试验研究

对一群经两次检疫均为结核菌素阳性并经临床学、病理解剖学和细菌学证实为结核杆菌感染奶牛,随机选择２０头奶,每日按２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重投与异烟肼复合剂,连服６０日,接着再按上述剂量每隔一天给药一次连服６０次。结果感染牛在治疗后的７０天转阴率为５０％;治疗后１６５天转阴率为８０．１％;未经治疗的７头对照牛仍呈阳性。     

岷山红三叶总异黄酮提取方法的研究

为选择提取岷山红三叶中总异黄酮的最佳方法,本文研究了用回流法、冷浸法和索式提取法提取岷山红三叶中总异黄酮的效果.通过紫外分光光度法测定提取液中的总黄酮含量,结果表明:回流提取法提取效果优于冷浸法和索式提取法.具有安全、简便和提取率高的优点.     

Canine renal failure syndrome in three dogs

Three dead dogs were brought to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University for study. Clinically, all the dogs showed emaciation, anorexia, depression, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhea for 7~10 days before death. All the clinical signs were first noted for about one month after feeding the dogs with commercial diets. At necropsy, all 3 dogs had severe renal damage with the same green-yellowish colored nephroliths in the renal pelvis. They also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification of several organs, which might have been induced by uremia. Microscopically, necrosis, calcification and calculi were detected in the renal tubules, and especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. These findings were supportive of a mycotoxic effect, and especially on their kidneys. However, the precise cause of the toxic effect in these cases of canine renal failure could not be determined.     

以超滤技术浓缩猪细小病毒含毒细胞液的试验

在研制猪细小病毒灭活疫苗时,应用了超滤浓缩技术,提高了合毒细胞培养液中的抗原含量。为了保证浓缩的流量,减少对滤膜的污染,对含毒细胞培养液作了预处理一离心及微滤,以便除去细胞培养液中的细胞碎片、蛋白质等大分子物质及固形微粒。超滤时选用50000Da滤膜,在20psig压力下,经过5倍浓缩的PPV细胞培养液,血凝滴度提高2个滴度以上。病毒含量测定表明,TCID50／0．2mL由107左右升至109以上,以其配制疫苗,能显著地提高疫苗的免疫原性。超滤技术具有易于操作、高效、分离精度高、没有二次污染等优点,可以根据需要选择不同的浓缩浓度,对保证疫苗的质量具有重要作用。     

犬常见寄生虫病及防治

犬寄生虫病是犬病临床的常见病之一。犬患寄生虫病的种类很多,如果不能及时发现犬患上了寄生虫病或者未能及时准确地给予治疗,采取相应的防治措施,将会严重损害犬的健康。有些犬患寄生虫病还可以传染给人类,形成人犬共患危害人类身体健康。犬常见的寄生虫病有:蛔虫病、绦虫病、犬血丝虫病、     

乳牛口服过量维生素A对维生素D3及钙磷代谢的影响

从北京郊区某农场选取１０头健康成年黑白花乳牛，随机分为试验（５头，每周每头口服维生素Ａ１００万单位）和对照（５头，不作任何处理）两组。８周以后检测发现，试验组血清钙和无机磷水平呈下降趋势；尾椎骨皮质变薄，密度下降，呈现骨质吸收现象；血清碱性磷酸酶显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其活性代谢产物２５－羟维生素Ｄ３（２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３）极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１，２５－二羟维生素Ｄ３［１，２５－（ＯＨ）２－     

猪床垫料与替抗的诡辩

1概念解析随着我国畜牧业的飞速发展,畜禽粪便成了环境的最大污染源,对环境的污染愈发严重。为控制粪便污物的排放,创造良好的生态养殖条件,国家大力推广发酵床养殖技术,发酵床主要是由有机垫料组成,垫料原料通常包括秸秆、锯末、木屑等,将其平铺与猪舍内,猪养于其上,排泄物排至垫料上,经微生物发酵,可实现粪污的低排放、低污染[1-2]。