基于变异系数和主成分分析花生主要品质性状的遗传多样性评价

为了解花生籽仁品质多样性,对 19 个河南省夏直播花生品种的籽仁脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、油酸含量及亚油酸含量等主要品质性状,进行变异分析、相关分析、聚类分析、主成分分析以及综合评价。结果表明,花生籽仁主要品质指标差异较大,油酸含量和亚油酸含量变异系数均超过平均变异系数,脂肪含量变异系数最小。主成分分析结果表明,前 2 个主成分的累积贡献率达到了 95.06%,第 1 主成分主要决定因子是高油酸、低亚油酸因子,第 2 主成分主要决定因子是高脂肪、低蛋白因子。19 个花生品种可聚为两类,类群Ⅰ包含开农 71 和农花 11,类群Ⅱ包含豫花 47 号、豫花 9327、郑花 013 等 17 个品种。综合评价得知,排名前 5 位的品种是农花 11、开农 71、郑花 013、豫花 9327 和豫花 47 号,其中农花 11、开农 71 属于高油高油酸双高花生品种,花生亲本组合选配时,可以考虑选择这 2 个品种作为目标亲本加以利用。     

2020年养猪科技新技术盘点

"物极必反,困则思变",非洲猪瘟和新冠疫情没有让养猪行业止步不前,反而促使人们去尽最大努力探索养猪科技新技术.无抗替代技术、发酵混合饲料技术、区块链+畜产品溯源技术和生猪期货合约上市等承压前行,在不平凡的2020年交上了不俗的答卷.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方流行株的分离与鉴定

从山西各地区疑似鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)的病料中,分离到5株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)分离株,并对分离病毒进行了病毒形态观察、对鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)的干扰、鸡胚致病性试验、动物回归试验、血凝特性试验、病毒理化特性测定等生物特性鉴定及IBV N基因特异性片段的检测.电镜观察,可见直径为60～120 am,有囊膜及纤突呈冠状排列的病毒粒子;对NDV有明显的干扰作用;分离株的传代物均有明显的致鸡胚矮小化作用;动物回归感染死亡鸡肾脏病变明显,表现肾脏肿大、花斑肾现象,输尿管内充塞大量尿酸盐;无直接血凝性,经1%胰酶处理后可凝集鸡红细胞;分离株对乙醚和氯仿敏感;采用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对分离毒株进行扩增,结果均扩增出特异N基因核酸片段.     

预防兽医学分子生物学技术发展概况

概括介绍了分子生物学理论、技术的发展，重点从病原学、免疫学和疫病预防与控制学三方面阐述了分子生物学在预防兽医学中的应用、发展及其贡献。同时，阐明了预防兽医学对分子生物学的贡献和促进作用。     

Application of non-structural protein ELISA kits in nationwide FMD surveillance in pigs to demonstrate virus circulation in Taiwan

Large scale surveillance of FMD non-structural protein (NSP) antibody in pigs was conducted to monitor for FMD virus circulation in Taiwan using Ceditest and UBI NSP ELISA kits after recurrence of FMD in 2009. A total of 53,759 serum samples were collected from pigs in the auction markets in 2009. There were 43 farms with positive FMD NSP reactors to both NSP ELISA tests in the nationwide surveillance. After tracing back, clinical examination and the NSP ELISA testing using both Ceditest and UBI on 14 follow-up serum samples from all the herds with confirmed NSP reactors in 2009, there were 4 farms classified as positive on follow-up testing criteria. In this surveillance, we have demonstrated that the NSP ELISA tests of outbreak farms followed by clinical and serological investigation could be used to detect FMD circulation in the pig population in Taiwan even while the national compulsory vaccination program is ongoing.     

自然感染日本血吸虫病耕牛血清循环抗原消长规律的研究

为了观察疫区自然感染日本血吸虫病耕牛血清循环抗原消长规律,本试验将血吸虫病非疫区的水、黄牛各１０头,转运至安徽省血吸虫病疫区,接受为期８周的自然感染。用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验测定牛血清循环抗原。结果,水、黄牛血清循环抗原滴度均于自然感染第４周后明显上升,水、黄牛自然感染第８周的血清循环抗原最高滴度分为１∶１０２４０和１∶５１２０,最低滴度则分别为１∶１２８０和１∶６４０,水牛循环抗原滴度高于黄牛。虫荷数与血清循环抗原滴度未见有相关性。     

河北进境种用动物衣原体血清学检测

衣原体病是一种重要的人畜共患病,给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失,同时严重威胁从业人员的身体健康。本研究对河北辖区引进的2批种鸡、2批种鸭及2批种猪进行抽样,使用间接血凝试验（IHA）检测引进种用动物的衣原体抗体。结果表明：衣原体IHA抗体阳性率为15.7%。在种鸡、种鸭和种猪中均检测到衣原体IHA抗体,阳性率分别为18.1%、4.2%和20%。这说明在引进种用动物中存在着较高的衣原体抗体阳性率,需要加强对该病的检测。     

监测口蹄疫抗体的液相阻断ELISA法的改进和体会

液相阻断ELISA（LBE）法由于具有高度的敏感性、特异性和重复性,目前被广泛应用于动物免疫抗体效果监测实践工作中,特别是为防控牛、羊亚洲I型口蹄疫（FMD）做出了积极的贡献。但该方法操作繁琐,稍有不慎就会导致实验结果发生偏差或试验失败,笔者就该方法应用于亚I型口蹄疫抗体检测中的改进和体会作一总结。     

浅谈二噁英的检验技术

1　检测二口恶英的技术难度食品和饲料中二口恶英及其类似物的检验属于超痕量级检验,通常以ｎｇ/ｋｇ和ｐｇ/ｋｇ表示。它比其他污染物含量低千倍到亿倍以上,检测难度很大,其多组分即同系物、异构体的化学前处理技术几乎包罗近代最先进的手段,涉及分离、富集、提取、净化、清洗和浓缩装置,还包含自动凝胶色谱(ＡｕｔｏｍａｔｅｄＧｅｌＰｅｒｍｅａｔｉｏｎＣｈｒｏｍａｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ)、反相ＨＰＬＣ、玻璃色谱柱等。检测过程需要尖端大型分析仪器的支持,定量分析依靠ＨＲＧＣ/ＨＲＭＳ,对仪器的灵敏度、选择性和特异性要求极高,是现今分…     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.