美洲黑杨种质资源生长和物候性状分析

以引进的美洲黑杨为材料建立基因库,通过比较分析该基因库7年生美洲黑杨的物候、生长、性别等特征,为资源评价和开发利用提供技术支持。结果表明：不同无性系间物候和生长特征变异丰富,生长和物候性状相关分析结果表明叶片变色落叶晚,有利于树高和胸径的快速增长。其中雄株中的优良比例和选育潜力更具有优势,在后期的良种培育中要适当重视雄株的选择。结合材积、胸径、物候生长季等性状从443份种质中筛选出优良无性系41个,对选出的系号统计发现,有25个无性系的母本来自于密西西比河流域,占比约60.98%,尤其是材积最大的5个无性系,其母本均来自于密西西比河下游天然林优株。总体来看,该基因库遗传多样性丰富,无性系间生长、物候等特征差异大,322、331-9、329-26、1-31等无性系表现优良,具备良好的选育潜力。     

巨桉枯落物化感物质的研究

为了解巨桉Eucalyptus grandis的枯落物内含物对其他物种的化感作用,试验以正己烷作溶剂,用超声波浸提巨桉枯落物,采用GC-MS联用技术,鉴定了巨桉枯落物中所含的有机化学成分。结果表明：巨桉枯落物中含有烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醇、醛、酮、酚和酯等8类35种化合物。证明巨桉枯落物中存在化感物质,主要为烷烃、芳香烃和酯类物质。这些化感物质可能对植物种子萌发、幼苗生长有重要的影响。表1参13     

酒糟黄姑鱼生产加工过程HACCP计划的建立

对酒糟黄姑鱼生产加工过程进行危害分析,确定了加工前原料验收、辅料验收、解剖、干制、发酵储藏5个关键控制点,并制订了HACCP计划表,构建了酒糟黄姑鱼的HACCP管理体系模式,确保产品的质量安全。     

美洲黑杨基因资源收存及其遗传评价的研究

从１７个国家引进３３１个黑杨派无性系（其中５２个美洲黑杨无性系）,在山东省长清县营建我国第一个黑杨派无性系基因库。连续１０年对基因库内美洲黑杨无性系进行了多性状系统研究,结果表明各无性系间在物候期、生长、生根、抗寒和抗病虫等方面均存在着显著的差异,遗传变异丰富;系间的主要性状与无性系起源纬度及各性状间存在一定相关性。主要材料性状变异的研究结果表明,３８个８年生美洲黑杨无性系在木材基本密度、纤维长度无性系间变异达到极显著水平;木材密度和纤维长度与树高和胸径呈一定相关性;木材密度和纤维长度这两个性状在遗传上相互独立,受不同遗传机制控制。利用分子遗传标记ＲＡＰＤ技术研究库内美洲黑杨无性系ＤＮＡ多态性,结果表明本库美洲黑杨ＤＮＡ多态率为８６％,再次证明本库美洲黑杨遗传多样性高,可为我国杨树改良提供丰富的育种材料。     

Labile, recalcitrant, and microbial carbon and nitrogen pools of a tallgrass prairie soil in the US Great Plains subjected to experimental warming and clipping

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are largely controlled by the small but highly bio-reactive, labile pools of these elements in terrestrial soils, while long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Changes in the size of these pools and redistribution among them in response to global warming may considerably affect the long-term terrestrial C and N storage. However, such changes have not been carefully examined in field warming experiments. This study used sulfuric acid hydrolysis to quantify changes in labile and recalcitrant C and N fractions of soil in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem that had been continuously warmed with or without clipping for about 2.5 years. Warming significantly increased labile C and N fractions in the unclipped plots, resulting in increments of 373 mg C kg⁻¹ dry soil and 15 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil, over this period whilst clipping significantly decreased such concentrations in the warmed plots. Warming also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N in the unclipped plots, and increased ratios of soil microbial/labile C and N, indicating an increase in microbial C- and N-use efficiency. Recalcitrant and total C and N contents were not significantly affected by warming. For all measured pools, only labile and microbial biomass C fractions showed significant interactions between warming and clipping, indicating the dependence of the warming effects on clipping. Our results suggest that increased soil labile and microbial C and N fractions likely resulted indirectly from warming increases in plant biomass input, which may be larger than warming-enhanced decomposition of labile organic compounds.     

花粉管通道法转化大豆的分子表征

采用花粉管通道技术将含有gus基因的pBI121质粒DNA导入辽豆14，从处理的100朵花中获得53粒种子。经PCR检测53粒种子的幼苗，共检测出6株阳性植株。采用RT—PCR和GUS组织化学染色法对所获得阳性植株进行检测，其中2株幼苗(T0代17号和33号)均出现阳性结果，进一步对这2株阳性植株进行Southern blot检测，同样获得了阳性结果。上述检测结果表明，gus基因已整合到染色体上并得到了表达。对转基因植株后代进行了PCR跟踪检测，结果从17号株系的28株中检测出19株阳性植株，33号株系的35株幼苗中检测出17株阳性植株，表明gus基因可以在转基因植株后代遗传。本研究结果为大豆花粉管通道转化技术提供了比较充分的分子生物学证据。     

Avian CD154 enhances humoral and cellular immune responses induced by an adenovirus vector-based vaccine in chickens

Recombinant adenoviral vectors have emerged as an attractive system for veterinary vaccines development. However, for poultry vaccination a very important criterion for an ideal vaccine is its low cost. The objective of this study was to test the ability of chicken CD154 to enhance the immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector-based vaccine against avian influenza virus in order to reduce the amount of antigen required to induce an effective immune response in avian. Chickens were vaccinated with three different doses of adenoviral vectors encoding either HA (AdHA), or HA fused to extracellular domain chicken's CD154 (AdHACD). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and relative quantification of IFN-γ showed that the adenoviral vector encoding for the chimeric antigen is able to elicit an improved humoral and cellular immune response, which demonstrated that CD154 can be used as a molecular adjuvant allowing to reduce in about 50-fold the amount of adenoviral vector vaccine required to induce an effective immune response.     

雌性双峰驼生殖道粘膜免疫组织和细胞的结构与分布

应用光镜和透射电镜观察12峰雌性双峰驼生殖道粘膜免疫组织和细胞的结构与分布。结果显示，输卵管、子宫和阴道的粘膜上皮以及子宫腺上皮内普遍分布着上皮内淋巴细胞（IEL），尤其在子宫颈后段和阴道前段的上皮中可见淋巴细胞浸润现象。从输卵管伞到阴道，固有膜内分布有数量不等的固有层淋巴细胞（LPL）、浆细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞，在子宫角、子宫体和子宫颈固有膜中还出现淋巴小结，小结内含有一种成群分布的强嗜伊红细胞，细胞大而有突起。子宫颈粘膜上皮和腺上皮内还见嗜中性粒细胞，这些细胞有时充满于子宫颈腺腔内。在子宫（尤其子宫角）固有膜深层和浅肌层分布着成群的肥大细胞，肥大细胞在孕驼子宫内明显减少。母驼生殖道粘膜形成的众多皱襞和腺体大大增加了上皮表面积，进而增大了粘膜免疫组织和细胞的数量。结果提示，双峰驼生殖道具有强大的粘膜免疫功能。     

马尖相思利用价值的研究

通过木材物理力学性质、木材热值、木材化学性质的测定，树皮单宁的定性、定量分析，树叶饲用成分的分析测定，生物量的测定等得出：木材宜做人造板、细木工、刨切单板等；木材有效热值高，属优质生物质燃料；木材综纤维素含量达７４．５％，适合制浆造纸。４年生树皮单宁含量达３２．８％，纯度８２．４％，属凝缩类，为优质栲胶原料。树叶含粗脂肪３．０％以上，粗蛋白１０％～１４．１７％，含１７种氨基酸，有开发利用饲料的价值。生物量大，４．５年生幼林地上部分生物量达２３．４８ｔ／ｈｍ￣２年；林下土壤０～３０ｃｍ内的有效氮含量比西南桦、山桂花、高阿丁枫三种人工纯林高２．１６％～２．３６％；比天然林高１．８８％～２．１９％，是优良的固氮树种。其经济效益显著，４．５～３．５年生人工纯林投入产出比分别为１：７．３７，１：４．４９。     

植酸酶及其在畜禽生产中的最新应用研究

植酸酶是一种新型饲料添加剂,它能提高动物对饲料中植酸磷的利用率,降低粪便中磷的排泄量。本文对植酸的化学结构、理化性质与植酸酶的来源、生物学特性,并对影响植酸酶活力的因素及其在畜禽生产中的最新应用研究作了简要介绍。