基于FSEC赛车电池箱的结构设计与强度分析

以中国大学生电动方程式赛车的电池箱体研究为背景,对电池箱的结构设计和强度分析方面进行了研究论证,提出了电池箱设计的总体思路,使电池箱的结构设计紧凑合理,工作安全可靠,符合赛事规则。这对纯电动乘用车在电池箱的结构设计方面也具有参考和借鉴的价值。     

美国农学教习眼中的张之洞与湖北农务学堂

自1889年张之洞出任湖广总督后的十余年间,张之洞在荆楚大地开创了著名的区域近代化模式——“湖北新政”,使其谋求早期工业化、教育改革以及军队近代化的尝试在湖北获得了一个巨大的实验场。张之洞曾为改良农业,创办新式农务学堂而首先从美国聘请了农学教习布里尔。现存于美国的布里尔相关档案,以其亲历者和旁观者的视角,对于张之洞“湖北新政”期间的举措,尤其是教育方面的改革尝试进行了一些记录和述评。这些新近发掘的史料,为深化相关研究提供了新的依据和视角。     

兜兰花粉活力及柱头可授性探究

本研究以‘绿肉饼’兜兰为试验材料,用扫描电子显微镜对其花粉块进行研究分析。结果显示,花粉块可分为两半,表面光滑呈现紧密网状结构。为获得‘绿肉饼’人工授粉最佳时间,采用TTC (氯化三苯基四氮唑)染色和联苯胺-过氧化氢法进行花粉活力及柱头可授性的研究。TTC染色法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的花粉活力呈现从弱到强再到弱的趋势,其中开花15~20 d的花粉活力最大,授粉率较高;联苯胺-过氧化氢法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的柱头可授性随开花时间先弱后强再变弱,其中开花10~20 d的柱头可授性最高。     

Actinomycin X2, an Antimicrobial Depsipeptide from Marine-Derived Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus Applied as a Good Natural Dye for Silk Fabric

Actinomycins as clinical medicine have been extensively studied, while few investigations were conducted to discover the feasibility of actinomycins as antimicrobial natural dye contributing to the medical value of the functional fabrics. This study was focused on the application of actinomycin X2 (Ac.X2), a peptide pigment cultured from marine-derived Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus, in the dyeing and finishing of silk fabric. The dyeing potential of Ac.X2 with silk vs. cotton fabrics was assessed. As a result, the silk fabric exhibited greater uptake and color fastness with Ac.X2. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, some changes of chemical property for the dyed fabric and Ac.X2 were studied. The silk fabric dyed with Ac.X2 exhibited good UV protection ability. The antibacterial properties of dyed and finished silk were also evaluated, which exhibited over 90% antibacterial activity even after 20 washing cycles. In addition, the brine shrimp assay was conducted to evaluate the general toxicity of the tested fabric, and the results indicated that the dyed silk fabrics had a good biological safety property.     

低温等离子体耦合Fe2O3催化剂去除粮食仓储环境中磷化氢

为了探究低温等离子体（Non-Thermal Plasma,NTP）耦合催化剂对粮仓中磷化氢（PH3）的去除效果,该文采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体与催化剂耦合的反应装置,研究了NTP与Fe2O3催化剂耦合对PH3去除率的影响,并对耦合反应后的催化剂进行表征,分析产物及反应机理。结果表明,载体和催化剂与NTP耦合改变了NTP的放电状态,提高了PH3去除率;不同载体负载Fe2O3后,在输入功率超过53 W时,NTP与Fe2O3催化剂耦合对PH3去除率均高于无填充,Fe2O3/Al2O3与NTP耦合效果最好,去除效率达到了100%。耦合前后催化剂的表征结果表明,耦合反应之后,Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂的比表面积降低了11.23%,Fe3+/(Fe2++Fe3+)含量提高了21.06%,Osur/(Olatt+Osur+Oads)含量减少了2.24%,Fe含量降低了4.69%,P含量增加了4.34倍。产物分析表明耦合后生成的主要产物为磷酸。研究结果表明NTP耦合Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂具有很好的PH3去除效果,为粮食仓储行业去除磷化氢提供理论依据。     

基于文献计量分析的国内外农业规模经营研究热点演化与新兴趋势分析

为梳理总结国内外农业规模经营的总体概况、研究热点和未来发展趋势,以Web of Science核心合集和中国知网CSSCI数据库文献为研究对象,综合运用HistCite和VOSviewer文献计量软件对年度发文量、高被引作者、引文编年图以及热点关键词等进行可视化分析。结果表明：1）国内外农业规模经营年度发文量呈现波动上升态势,且发文集中于国内外权威期刊上。2）国际农业规模经营研究主题丰富,相互之间印证密切,学界研究重点从早期的经济效益逐渐转型到社会和生态效益,主要包括农业生产力、贫困、健康营养、食品安全、气候变化和资源环境等研究方向。3）国内农业规模经营研究虽起步较晚,但鉴于中国特殊国情农情,研究主题更为细化,主要包括粮食安全、农民增收、面源污染、产权制度改革、全要素生产率以及农业社会化服务等研究方向。另外,受国际思潮的影响,中国农业规模经营研究也逐步向气候变化和营养均衡等方面转变。综上,未来中国还需要从农业规模经营基础理论体系构建和研究方法创新、新兴研究方向探索以及加强国际交流合作等方面深化研究。     

High-throughput phenotyping:Breaking through the bottleneck in future crop breeding

With the rapid development of genetic analysis techniques and crop population size, phenotyping has become the bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Breaking th...     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒的精细结构、核酸、多肽及血清学研究

对纯化的对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）进行了超微结构、紫外吸收、核酸类型及多肽ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ的研究。同时用单克隆抗体对ＨＨＮＢＶ的两分离株和ＭＢＶ进行了血清学比较研究。用ＴＭＶ作为内标定物测得病毒粒子大小为１５０ｎｍ×４５０ｎｍ，其衣壳为两个帽状物端夹１３圈螺旋对称的园柱体结构。病毒在２６０ｎｍ处吸光系数为０．１１７ｍｇ／ｍＬ／ＯＤ２６０。病毒核酸为双链ＤＮＡ，分子量大于３５×１０６ｄ。病毒囊膜有１２种主要多肽。病毒衣壳有两种主要多肽。从寿光（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７）和青岛（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３８）分离到的病毒种在ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ和抗ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ反应上没有显著差异。ＨＨＮＢＶ与斑节对虾杆状病毒（ＭＢＶ）在抗原决定簇上存在差别。