驻马店小麦条锈病发生气象指数预报方法探讨

小麦条锈病是河南省驻马店市小麦生产中的主要病害之一,历史上曾多次造成小麦严重减产。在分析小麦条锈病发病及流行特征的基础上,应用统计方法建立了条锈病病发气象指数预报气候模型和指数预测方程,并连续2a准确作出病发气象指数预报,为植保部门正确作出病害流行趋势预测预报提供了科学依据。     

牛初乳中活性物质IgG含量分析

通过对产犊后前四天内牛初乳活性物质(IgG)含量的检测，分析牛初乳中活性物质的变化规律及冻结、巴氏杀菌对其影响。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区水质分析

为了对天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区进行水质环境分析,2012年4月、9月和2013年5月、9月分别对该特别保护区海域进行了4个航次的水质环境调查,并通过单项水质评价法、海水营养指数评价法、有机污染综合指数法等对该特别保护区海域的水质进行质量分析。调查数据表明,该保护区海水受无机氮污染严重,4个航次无机氮污染指数均大于1;海水营养指数分布范围为1．60～93．76,平均值为14．58,处于重度富营养状态;有机污染指数分布范围为0．96～6．58,平均值为2．76,处于3级轻度污染状态。结果表明,无机氮为该海域主要污染因子,富营养化及有机污染情况严重并呈增加趋势。目前保护区已经建立,但对于保护区的治理有待进一步开展,还需对该保护区进行长期的监测与科学研究。     

Generation of Salmonella ghost cells expressing fimbrial antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and evaluation of their antigenicity in a murine model

Salmonella Typhimurium ghost cells expressing K88ab, K88ac, K99, and FasA fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in their envelopes were constructed. The genes encoding the fimbriae were individually cloned into an expression plasmid, pMMP81, carrying the asd gene, which was subsequently electroporated into the Δasd S. Typhimurium mutant. Plasmid pJHLP99, carrying the phiX174 lysis gene E, was also subsequently electroporated into the Salmonella mutant. The presence of the individual fimbriae on the ghost cells was examined by Western blot analysis. Forty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 2 groups of 20 mice each. Group A mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with a mixture of the 4 ghost cells expressing the individual fimbriae. The group B mice were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline as a control. The antigen-specific serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in group A than in group B from week 2 until week 6 after inoculation. In addition, the antigen-specific IgA concentrations in fecal samples were significantly higher in group A than in group B at week 2 after inoculation. A large difference between the groups in the number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine was observed by immunohistochemical study. Also, the splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses were significantly greater in group A than in the control mice. These results suggest that vaccination with our Salmonella ghost cells can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and that the increased number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine may be correlated with the elevated fecal IgA immune response.     

中国耕地等别分异特性及其对耕地保护的影响

为了深刻地认识耕地质量,科学地进行耕地质量保护与建设,基于中国耕地质量等级调查与评定工作成果及1:50万国家级农用地分等汇总数据库,对比分析了中国省域的耕地质量等别分异特性。该文分析确定了“优等地分布范围小,低等地分布范围广,省际间及省内耕地等别分异规律复杂”的中国耕地等别基本特征;应用标准亩的概念,以全国1等耕地和广东省平均等5.4等耕地为基准,核算出中国标准耕地总量分别为45?750.7?khm2和68?390.2?khm2;并结合全国土地利用总体规划给定的2020年各省基本农田保护面积,提出了划定永久基本农田要统筹考虑基本农田保护率的法律要求和各省耕地质量等别实际。基于上述研究结论,建议在土地整治规划、基本农田调整划定、高标准基本农田建设和永久基本农田保护中都要坚持数量质量并重,以耕地等别提升和产能建设为核心,建立动态监测和报告制度。     

植物多糖的提取及对双歧杆菌的增殖作用

采用水提法提取枸杞、红枣、甘薯、淮山4种植物原料及花菇多糖,正交设计优化提取条件,并将植物提取多糖用于双歧杆菌的增殖试验。结果表明,植物多糖提取优化条件,加水比例分别为:枸杞、红枣1∶10,花菇1∶15,甘薯1∶3,淮山1∶9;提取温度:80～95℃;提取时间1～3h。5种原料在优化条件下的多糖提取率相对于植物取样质量分别为:枸杞51.8%、红枣53.2%、花菇28.2%、甘薯18.8%、淮山18.3%。5种原料提取多糖对双歧杆菌的增殖作用:菌体在对数生长期生长速率常数(R)提高135%～85%,世代时间(G)缩短56%～44%。     

伊犁河流域裸露缓坡地放水试验研究

 通过野外径流小区实地放水冲刷试验,研究伊犁河流域裸露缓坡地在不同放水条件下土壤水分变化、径流泥沙特征,并运用水力学理论分析坡面径流水力学参数特征。结果表明:1)土壤入渗率随着放水流量的增加呈现递增的趋势,随着放水量的增加,土壤表层含水量增大,入渗率随之减少,坡下部土壤水分变化量高于坡上;2)随着放水流量的增加,输沙率呈现递增的趋势,含沙量呈先增后减的趋势,含沙量与放水流量存在较好的幂函数关系,随着冲刷时间的延长,含沙量、输沙率均呈现递减的趋势;3)随着放水流量的增加,径流平均流速、雷诺数、Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数逐渐增大,弗劳德数逐渐减小,流速与流量、弗劳德数与雷诺数均呈良好的幂函数关系,水流为层流、急流状态。     

黄河三角洲退化湿地土壤养分、微生物与土壤酶特性及其关系分析

为了揭示黄河三角洲湿地退化与土壤的关系,为湿地生态修复和有效利用湿地资源提供理论依据,对黄河三角洲退化湿地不同演替阶段的土壤酶活性、土壤养分和土壤微生物特性及土壤酶与养分和微生物的关系进行分析。结果表明:随着湿地由白茅群落到光板地的逆向演替,土壤脲酶、蛋白酶活性呈逐渐下降趋势,碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化规律与其相似;不同演替阶段土壤酶活性表现出差异性,各种酶之间蛋白酶活性最高;土壤养分质量含量基本都随着湿地逆向演替的进行而递减,不同演替阶段土壤养分质量分数差异显著;退化湿地土壤中各种微生物数量存在明显差异性,在土壤微生物群落中,细菌数量所占比例最大,在各类微生物中占绝对优势,其次为放线菌,真菌数量最少;白茅群落阶段细菌和真菌数量最多,柽柳群落阶段放线菌数量最多;土壤酶与土壤养分、土壤微生物存在密切正相关关系;细菌与脲酶和过氧化氢酶有密切关系,真菌与脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶都具有显著的相关性。