部分蔷薇（Rosa multiflora）属植物的RAPD分析

蔷薇作为园林观赏植物,在中国城市绿化中应用较为广泛,但目前应用的蔷薇品种较为混杂,尚无系统研究。本研究采用RAPD技术对部分蔷薇属植物进行亲缘关系的分析,旨在进一步明确蔷薇种、品种,为引种育种以及材料选择提供参考。对蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种进行了RAPD分析,16个引物对供试蔷薇材料PCR扩增获得175条谱带,其中多态性条带151条（86.3%）表现出丰富的遗传多态性。且不同花色系蔷薇属植物间的遗传多态性不同,白色系75.16%,粉红色系73.46%,黄色系37.50%。利用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图,蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种在阈值为0.667处被分划为两大类群,这两大类群间的遗传距离较近,黄蔷薇与黄刺枚单独被划分为一个类群,与上述两类群间的遗传距离较远。聚类结果显示出了蔷薇的演化趋势：白色、单瓣是蔷薇较为原始的一个性状,花径大、重瓣性高是现代蔷薇栽培品种的性状,而部分粉红色半重瓣蔷薇则是从野生种到现代栽培品种的中间过渡类型。     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。     

Development and application of functional markers in maize

Summary Functional markers (FMs) are derived from polymorphic sites within genes causally involved in phenotypic trait variation (Andersen, J.R. & T. Lübberstedt, 2003. Trends Plant Sci 8: 554–560). FM development requires allele sequences of functionally characterized genes from which polymorphic, functional motifs affecting plant phenotype can be identified. In maize and other species with low levels of linkage disequilibrium, association studies have the potential to identify sequence motifs, such as a few nucleotides or insertions/deletions, affecting trait expression. In one of the pioneering studies, nine sequence motifs in the dwarf8 gene of maize were shown to be associated with variation for flowering time (Thornsberry, J.M., M.M. Goodman, J. Doebley, S. Kresovich, D. Nielsen & E.S. Buckler, 2001. Nat Genet 28: 286–289). Proof of sequence motif function can be obtained by comparing isogenic genotypes differing in single sequence motifs. At current, the most appropriate approach for this purpose in crops is targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) (McCallum, C.M., L. Comai, E.A. Greene & S. Henikoff, 2000. Nat Biotechnol 18: 455–457). In central Europe, maize is mainly grown as forage crop, with forage quality as major trait, which can be determined as proportion of digestible neutral detergent fiber (DNDF). Brown midrib gene knock out mutations have been shown to be beneficial for forage quality but disadvantageous for overall agronomic performance. Two brown midrib genes (bm1 and bm3) have been shown to be involved in monolignol biosynthesis. These two and additional lignin biosynthesis genes have been isolated based on sequence homology. Additional candidate genes putatively affecting forage quality have been identified by expression profiling using, e.g., isogenic bm lines. Furthermore, we identified an association between a polymorphism at the COMT locus and DNDF in a collection of European elite inbred lines.     

基质新型材料开发研究

针对王草在干热区的种植优势,在云南元谋开展了利用王草经过加工、发酵试验,通过3种粒径3种处理和3种反应程度组合,得到27种不同的人工草粉基质。并测定了基质的相关特性。这些基质在育苗生产中具有一定的影响力：即资源的可持续利用性,它在一定程度上缓解了不可再生资源泥炭的负面影响。     

立体育雏笼不同层面温度变化规律及其对固始鸡生长发育的影响

逐日测定4层立体育雏笼不同层面温度及位于育雏笼不同层面的四组固始鸡0～4周龄生长发育情况.结果表明:4层立体育雏笼的二层温度与四层、三层及一层温度之间有极显著相关关系,其相关系数分别为0.9351、0.8895和0.7667,并建立了二层与各层温度间的回归议程.0～4周龄固始鸡在不同层面温度下体重、料重比、成活率均无显著差异,胫长在1～3周龄差异显著或极显著,第四周差异不显著,说明对固始鸡在28.5℃的低温下开始育雏是可行的.     

Summer drought decreases Leymus chinensis productivity through constraining the bud,tiller and shoot production

Extreme drought events can directly decrease productivity in perennial grasslands. However, for rhizomatous perennial grasses it remains unknown how drought events influence the belowground bud bank which determines future productivity. Ninety‐day‐long drought events imposed on Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous perennial grass, caused a 41% decrease in the aboveground biomass and a 28% decrease in belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased due to decrease in both the parent and the daughter shoot biomass. The decreases in daughter shoot biomass were due to reductions in both the shoot number and each individual shoot weight. Most importantly, drought decreased the bud bank density by 56%. In addition, drought induced a bud allocation change that decreased by 41% the proportion of buds that developed into shoots and a 41% increase in the buds that developed into rhizomes. Above results were supported by our field experiment with watering treatments. Thus, a 90‐day‐long summer drought event decreases not only current productivity but also future productivity, because the drought reduces the absolute bud number. However, plasticity in plant development does partly compensate for this reduction in bud number by increasing bud development into rhizomes, which increases the relative allocation of buds into future shoots, at the cost of a decrease in current shoots.     

冀北坝上地区荞麦品种的适宜播期分析

研究冀北坝上地区不同播期对荞麦品种农艺性状和产量的影响。选用甜荞品种日本大粒和苦荞品种冀苦荞1号2个荞麦品种,设5月11日（B1）、5月18日（B2）、5月25日（B3）、6月2日（B4）、6月9日（B5）5个播期,对2个品种进行连续3年（2013-2015年）播种试验。试验结果表明,播期对甜荞日本大粒和冀苦荞1号的农艺性状和产量都有一定影响,综合评价确定日本大粒和冀苦荞1号在冀北坝上地区的最适播期均为5月中下旬（5月11日-5月25日）。     

采样频率和时间对轴流泵压力脉动特性的影响

为了更准确地分析轴流泵的压力脉动特性,基于结构化网格,在考虑叶顶间隙的情况下,以时均N-S方程为基本控制方程,采用标准k-ε双方程湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对轴流泵模型进行了不同的采样频率和采样时间下的全流场非定常数值计算,并分析其对计算结果的影响．结果表明:在进行压力脉动分析时,若取静压作为傅里叶变换的纵坐标,频域图中频率为0时的物理意义即该点平均静压值;采样频率和采样时间对轴流泵压力脉动时域特性和频域特性具有重要影响,指出了因采样频率过小而导致的混叠现象在时域和频域中的表现;并推导出当保证采样时间与叶轮周期和叶片数乘积的比值达到整数倍关系时,基频处不会发生频谱泄漏,并建立了普遍适用轴流泵压力脉动数值计算采样时间的选取公式,进而从公式得出针对不同转速的轴流泵,应选择不同的采样时间．结果为进一步分析轴流泵压力脉动提供了一定参考．     

红枣自动分选机卸料装置的设计与虚拟试验

设计了一种以电磁铁为执行器的红枣自动分选机卸料装置,建立了基于ADAMS的卸料装置虚拟样机模型;通过虚拟单因素试验确定了卸料托杆的长度,并通过不同质量红枣的虚拟对比卸料试验,验证了模型的有效性,得到了果质量8g和果质量35g红枣的下落轨迹。虚拟试验结果表明,该模型在卸料托杆行程放大倍数为4时卸料效果最优,此时果质量35 g红枣的最大上升高度为100 mm,初始位置同水平侧向位移为60 mm;该模型能够将8～35g的红枣顺利卸料。     

斜流泵叶轮和导叶叶片数对压力脉动的影响

为了研究斜流泵叶轮和导叶由于动静相干作用(RSI)而引起的压力脉动规律,基于标准k-ε湍流模型、SIMPLEC算法和滑移网格技术,根据叶轮和导叶叶片数及其叶片厚度设计了多种计算方案,并对不同方案的斜流泵模型进行了非定常数值模拟．采用叶轮进口、叶轮出口和导叶内部布点监测压力的方法获得了压力脉动曲线,并基于时域图分析了叶轮叶片数、导叶叶片数及其厚度对斜流泵内部压力脉动特性的影响．数值计算结果表明:斜流泵叶轮叶片动静干涉对整个流场的压力脉动影响较大,叶轮叶片数越少,叶轮进、出口压力脉动幅值越大;在设计工况下,导叶内部的压力脉动波形主要受叶轮叶片数影响,而导叶厚度对导叶内部压力脉动影响较小．研究结论将为斜流泵的设计和稳定运行提供参考．