压力平衡式旋塞阀结构特点及内漏处理方法

西气东输管道干线截断阀的旁通管道节流阀、放空阀,站场ESD放空管道放空阀,大量使用进口Serck Audco压力平衡式旋塞阀。针对站场ESD高压放空旋塞阀内漏故障频繁,常规处理效果不好的问题,分析了进口旋塞阀的密封及压力平衡结构特点,结合现场实践经验提出了注脂处理、解体维修、更换阀门、返厂维修等处理方法。旋塞阀频繁内漏的根本原因是旋塞表面本体磨损、划伤,导致密封失效。现场解体维修中,旋塞和阀体之间的间隙难以保证恢复至原始状态,旋塞经人工打磨很难达到原始匹配精度,多次解体后维修效果可能会更差,因此解体维修应谨慎开展。返厂维修消除了旋塞表面磨损、划伤,经现场试验验证可以解决阀门内漏问题,但国产旋塞阀及国内厂家维修后的进口旋塞阀均需增加旋塞大端泄压孔,才能消除旋塞自锁现象。大端泄压孔与介质流体直接接触,当阀门用于管道介质含杂质较多的工况时,不能避免杂质进入大端底部,旋塞阀的国产化研制应在这方面开展研究。(图4,参16)     

热环境内不同类型水体降温效应的时空变化及景观影响

探索不同类型水体降温效应的时空变化特征,可为缓解城市热环境问题提供理论支持。基于Landsat遥感数据,以福州市2002-2020年典型湖泊、河流为例,利用缓冲分析法定量描述不同类型水体降温效应的时空变化;对湖泊采用网格分析法、河流采用等距离分段分析法,探讨了水体周边景观特征对不同类型水体降温效应的影响。结果表明：(1)福州市中心城区热环境问题加剧,水体成为环境内部的主要“冷源”;(2)城市河流比城市湖泊更具备“冷岛”潜力;(3)湖泊的降温效应受周边植被占比、建设用地占比影响较大,在湖泊周边120m内,当绿地面积占比>34%时,建设用地面积占比<48%,湖泊与绿地的综合降温效果最好;(4)河流的降温效应受周边植被占比、建设用地占比及裸地占比影响较大,在河流周边180m内,当绿地面积占比>44%时,建议建设用地面积占比<31%,河流可产生最大的降温效应。在未来城市规划中,水体周边景观的合理布设将有助于水体发挥最佳降温效果。     

Analysis on Outputs of Polysaccharide Characterization Research Papers Based on Web of ScienceTM

In order to know more about the overview of the global polysaccharide characterization research,we analyzed the outputs of polysaccharide characterization research articles based on Web of Science^TM database from 2008 to 2017.According to all the database of Web of Science^TM,"polysaccharide characterization" or "polysaccharide structure" as the title words of this paper were used to analyze the current situation and the trend of the research on polysaccharide characterization by bibliometrics methods,in terms of the output of papers,the countries/regions,scientific research institutions,journals,authors,citations and research direction.The results showed that the output of papers have been arised in the world.China was the leading country in the field of polysaccharide characterization.The published papers of the Russian Academy of Sciences toped the list.Chinese Academy of Sciences toped the list in domestic institutions.The authors who published the most amount of papers were from Russian Academy of Sciences.The journal of Britain’s "Carbohydrate Polymers" had the largest number of papers.The most cited paper was from University of Georgia.The direction of the research was mainly concentrated in biochemistry and molecular biology,chemistry and agriculture,and it embodied the highly interdisciplinary nature.There were homology on polysaccharide characterization analysis methods in different countries,compared with China,the United States,Russia and Britain are more cutting edge on the application of polysaccharide.     

水工隧洞衬砌钢筋应力混合模型的建立及监控指标拟定

衬砌是保证水工隧洞安全运行的重要组成部分,衬砌与围岩联合工作,达到共同承载、增加围岩稳定性等作用,如何建立模型对其长期运行性态进行监控是值得探讨的.以某引调水工程水工隧洞为例,采用现场实测钢筋应力资料建立了水工隧洞衬砌钢筋应力的混合模型,应力的内水压力分量由结构计算获得,温度和时效分量由统计方法获得.所建立的模型能较好...     

滴灌调控土壤水分对马铃薯生长的影响

研究了滴灌灌溉频率和土壤水势对马铃薯生长和水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明，滴灌灌溉频率和土壤水势对土壤水分的分布有很大影响，灌水频率越低，灌水前的表层土壤干燥的范围越大，灌水后的土壤湿润范围越大；控制滴头下面20 cm处土壤水势明显影响到50 cm深度以上的土壤水势，20 cm深度处土壤水势越高，50 cm深度范围内的平均土壤水势越高；土壤表面土壤水势越低，以滴头为中心形成的干燥范围越大。当土壤基质势低于-45 kPa时，马铃薯的块茎膨大率会迅速下降，总产量、商品薯产量和水分利用效率高低顺序为：-25 kPa>-35 kPa>-15 kPa>-45 kPa>-55 kPa。不同灌溉频率下马铃薯的总产量、商品薯产量和水分利用效率的高低顺序为：1天1次>2天1次>3天1次>4天1次>6天1次>8天1次。就华北地区而言，采用滴灌对马铃薯进行灌溉，土壤基质势以-25 kPa左右为好，灌水频率以每天1次最优。     

Effects of canopy interception on energy conversion processes in a Chinese fir plantation ecosystem

The functions of canopy interception on energy conversion processes in a Chinese fir plantation ecosystem were studied with the aid of long-term observation data in Huitong. The results showed that the absorbed, penetrated and reflected amounts of solar radiation were, respectively, 2.5543 × 10⁹ J/(m²·year) (absorption rate of 0.827), 2.5306 × 10⁸ J/(m²·year) (penetration rate of 0.082), and 2.7432 × 10⁸ J/(m²·year) (reflection rate of 0.091) by the canopy. The conversion of net solar radiation to latent heat in the process of evaporation from canopy interception amounted to 6.3695 × 10⁸ J/(m²·year) (accounting for 22.9% of total ecosystem net radiation and 30.4% of ecosystem evaporation), which was an important part of the budget of the energy system. Canopy interception consumed kinetic energy of raindrops in overcoming resistance of branches and leaves, which collected raindrops, followed with the conversion of potential energy in raindrops to kinetic energy with falling raindrops. In general, the diameter of raindrops from the canopy is larger than that of the raindrops above the canopy as a result of the collection effort by the canopy. The kinetic energy of raindrops from the canopy, therefore, was higher than that of raindrops in the atmosphere. The drop-size distribution from the canopy was affected by the structure of the canopy layer rather than the amount of precipitation and precipitation intensity. The canopy had no important nor efficient effects on decreasing the kinetic energy of raindrops in our case study with a first branch height of 7 m and precipitation amounts over 3 mm. However, the canopy would play a key role in decreasing kinetic energy of raindrops in two cases, that of a small amount of precipitation and one of heavy precipitation intensity, in which the canopy could intercept the largest amount of precipitation in the former condition and the canopy could scatter bigger raindrops to smaller raindrops with striking leaves in the case of heavy precipitation. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(2): 15–20 [译自: 林业科学]     

新疆野杏树干液流变化与环境因子的关系

对新疆伊犁新源野果林野杏树干液流进行监测,与环境因子结合分析,揭示野杏树干液流与环境因子的关系。结果表明:野杏树干液流有明显的昼夜变化,树干液流速率日变化表现为昼高夜低,在不同天气下树干液流速率呈现的规律为晴天>阴天>雨天;树干液流在7月的液流量达到最大,为2012.29L,整个生长阶段日均液流量均值为46.63 L;环境因子与野杏树干液流的变化有着密切的关系,其中太阳辐射在整个生长季中与树干液流均呈现极显著正相关,在7月相关系数最大,为0.802,而空气相对湿度一直呈现负相关关系。     

高山草甸植被光谱反射特征的研究

本文对甘肃省天祝藏族自治县乌鞘岭南侧金强河谷地高山草甸植被中4个草本植物群落和1个灌丛群落的光谱反射特征及其影响因素进行了测试研究,结果表明,不同植物群落在可见光波段和近红外波段的反射比存在显著或极显著的差异,因此,利用光谱反射特征区分草地植物群落是可行的。     

皮棉表面多类异性纤维的高光谱图像检测

为了考察高光谱成像技术检测多类异性纤维共存时的性能,也为其今后用于商业化皮棉质量评价,或在线皮棉杂质分拣提供研究基础,试验采集丙纶丝和毛发共存的样本高光谱图像。依据单一异性纤维分割的最佳波段图像,获得灰度平均和小波变换后融合图像。通过对比小波变换融合图像,灰度平均图像,以及全波段下主成分和独立成分得分图像,获得用于目标分割的最佳图像。采用最优特征集和分类树判别方法,判别最佳图像分割后的连通区域,剔除噪声点和假阳性。依据目标判定原则,训练集和独立验证集的异性纤维识别率分别为84.09%和75.86%。结果表     

不同种植密度番茄生长行为的结构功能模型模拟

为研究不同密度下温室番茄的生长行为,对结构功能模型GreenLab进行改进,在提高拟合度的基础上,获得不同密度下番茄生长参数,通过参数分析将环境与番茄植株生长行为相联系。结果表明密度影响同化物产生与分配,通过外在形态,如出叶速率、叶厚、坐果率等表现,GreenLab模型可以重建这种生长行为变化。