不同蛋白质水平日粮对肥育猪肠道氨基酸转运载体CAT1 mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对肥育猪肠道氨基酸转运载体CAT1 mRNA表达量的影响.选取36头杜×长×大二三元杂交阉公猪,平均体重(55.6±7.0)kg,随机分为3个处理,分别饲喂13%(低蛋白质组)、16%(对照组)和19%(高蛋白质组)的蛋白质水平日粮,每个处理12个重复(单栏饲养).于饲喂后第45天,每组随机屠宰5头,分离肠道(十二指肠、空肠和回肠),运用Real-Time PCR技术,以β-actin为内参基因,研究CAT1 mRNA相对于β-actin的表达量.结果表明,在饲喂高蛋白质日粮时,与对照组相比,氨基酸转运载体CAT1 mRNA相对于内参β-actin mRNA的表达量,在肥育猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠中分别提高了58.4%、23.2%和24.5%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);而饲喂低蛋白质日粮时,CAT1 mRNA相对表达量在肥育猪十二指肠和空肠中则分别提高93.1%和122.6%,差异显著(P<0.05),而在回肠中降低了14.3%,差异不显著(P>0.05).高蛋白质水平日粮对肥育猪肠道CAT1 mRNA相对表达最的影响不大,而低蛋白质水平日粮对肥育猪肠道CAT1 mRNA相对表达量的影响较大,尤其是对空肠CAT1 mRNA的相对表达量.     

茶树CsbHLH2基因克隆及表达分析

目的探究三七绿紫地上茎中三七碱性螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白基因(basic helix-loop-helix gene, bHLH)、v-myb骨髓母细胞增多症病毒癌基因同源物基因(v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog, MYB)和WD40蛋白基因(WD40 gene, WD40)转录水平的纵向变化及其与总花色苷含量(total anthocyanin content, TAC)的相关性。方法将平均高度约为18 cm的一年生三七绿紫地上茎植株的地上茎均分为18个茎段,分别用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和分光光度法检测各茎段中bHLH、MYB和WD40的转录水平以及TAC。结果从三七绿紫茎的顶部到基部,三七bHLH、MYB和WD40转录水平的纵向变化大致分别表现为1条“多峰”、“W”形和“W+倒V”形曲线,其最高转录水平分别出现在茎段7、10和7,且三者转录水平在不同茎段间的差异分别到达了显著 (P<0.05)、极显著 (P<0.01)和极显著 (P<0.01) 水平;TAC的纵向变化则粗略表现为1条“单峰”曲线,最高TAC出现在茎段8,且TAC在不同茎段间的差异达到了极显著水平;bHLH、MYB和WD40转录水平与TAC之间均呈正相关,其Pearson相关系数规律为MYB>bHLH>WD40。结论对于一年生三七绿紫茎花色苷合成而言,3个转录因子基因的差异性贡献为MYB>bHLH>WD40。本研究结果可为三七地上茎花色苷合成转录调控的探究提供参考。     

压力平衡式旋塞阀结构特点及内漏处理方法

西气东输管道干线截断阀的旁通管道节流阀、放空阀,站场ESD放空管道放空阀,大量使用进口Serck Audco压力平衡式旋塞阀。针对站场ESD高压放空旋塞阀内漏故障频繁,常规处理效果不好的问题,分析了进口旋塞阀的密封及压力平衡结构特点,结合现场实践经验提出了注脂处理、解体维修、更换阀门、返厂维修等处理方法。旋塞阀频繁内漏的根本原因是旋塞表面本体磨损、划伤,导致密封失效。现场解体维修中,旋塞和阀体之间的间隙难以保证恢复至原始状态,旋塞经人工打磨很难达到原始匹配精度,多次解体后维修效果可能会更差,因此解体维修应谨慎开展。返厂维修消除了旋塞表面磨损、划伤,经现场试验验证可以解决阀门内漏问题,但国产旋塞阀及国内厂家维修后的进口旋塞阀均需增加旋塞大端泄压孔,才能消除旋塞自锁现象。大端泄压孔与介质流体直接接触,当阀门用于管道介质含杂质较多的工况时,不能避免杂质进入大端底部,旋塞阀的国产化研制应在这方面开展研究。(图4,参16)     

我国管理科学研究热点及代表人物的可视化分析

进入新世纪以来，管理科学在我国取得了蓬勃的发展，逐渐形成了庞杂的学科知识体系，与此同时，管理学也涌现了一大批管理科学专家，并在各自的领域中作出了卓越的贡献。利用中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）2000~2009年的20种管理科学重要期刊文献为数据，从文献计量的角度对我国管理科学十年来的发展进行分析，通过可视化分析工具CiteSpace展示了企业与事业单位管理、管理基础与方法、宏观管理与政策研究三个主要的学科领域的代表人物和研究热点。     

中国数量经济学的先驱者之一——周华章

是我国最早的数量经济学博士（1952年，芝加哥大学经济学院），学界对其介绍却并不多。本文根据他的相关论著、史料和档案，并与近几年论述中国经济学史和管理学史的大量文献进行比较，发现他早在1944年就用数理经济学方法，对区位（区域）经济奠基者韦伯（Alfred Weber）的理论做了部分修正。他在芝加哥大学经济学院读博期间写的毕业论文得到了两位获诺贝尔经济学奖大师的指导，经过严谨的分析与论证，对萨缪尔森的理论提出了自己独特的见解。1953年，他还主持国际计量经济学会会长雅各布·马尔沙克委托的研究项目。回国后即与钱学森、许国志、刘源张等为中国运筹学的引进和发展作出了最早的贡献。     

基于分段波形的信号瞬时频率计算方法

针对局部均值分解（Local Mean Decomposition，LMD）中乘积函数（Product Function，PF）分量的瞬时频率计算问题，引入了一种新的信号瞬时频率计算方法.该方法基于分段波形，先将信号分成若干个全波段（full wave），然后以一组递增的反正弦函数定义每个全波段的瞬时相位，进而得到信号的瞬时频率.由该方法得到的瞬时频率理论上是正的、稳定的并且能够确保信号局部特征信息的完整.应用该方法计算了仿真信号和实际齿轮故障振动信号的瞬时频率，并与其他方法求得的瞬时频率进行了对比.结果表明，本文方法非常适合求取信号的瞬时频率.     

Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses

The effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split-plot design run as a crossover in two periods. The whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for the amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, and all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and beta diversities were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05), whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total VFA concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared with cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared with the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared with cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.     

Effect of water deficit in different growth stages on stem sap flux of greenhouse grown pear-jujube tree

The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T₁), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T₂), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T₃) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T₄). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T₂, but not in T₃ and T₄ stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R² = 0.4489).     

Drip irrigation scheduling for tomatoes in unheated greenhouses

During the last two decades, energy-saving solar greenhouses without heating systems, about 150-800 m² (width: 5-10 m, length: 30-80 m) in size, have been widely used in the North of China for vegetable production during cold seasons. The greenhouse is also suitable for use in other countries located in the temperate or warm-temperate zones, especially in the developing countries, because it is inexpensive with a simple structure, and does not need any additional energy for heating in winter. Drip irrigation has been recognized as a sensible method of supplying water inside the greenhouses, and a simple method for drip irrigation scheduling at low cost is urgently required. Using the water-balance method, the authors studied the water consumption of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and the relationship between evapotranspiration and water surface evaporation measured with 20 cm pan. Research results show that there is no significant water flux at 0.75 m depth when soil water potential is kept higher than -20 kPa at 15 cm depth, and around -20 kPa at 60 cm depth. The accumulative value of evapotranspiration is approximately equal to the accumulative value of water surface evaporation measured using 20 cm pan. Further analysis found that 20 cm pan can be used to determine the water requirement of tomato drip irrigation scheduling in this type of greenhouse.