Energy requirements of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation

This experiment was conducted to investigate the energy requirement of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes during non-pregnancy and lactation. Fifteen ewes after parturition were randomly assigned to three treatments: ad libitum(100%) feed intake and 80 or 60% ad libitum intake, and another nine non-pregnant ewes were assigned to a blank control group. Digestibility trials were performed in the non-pregnant ewes and in the lactating ewes on the 20 th, 50 th, and 80 th d of lactation. In parallel with the digestibility trial, a respirometry experiment was conducted to determine the methane and carbon dioxide production with an open-circuit respirometry system that was equipped with respiratory chambers. The net energy(NE) and metabolizable energy(ME) requirements for maintenance and growth were calculated using the carbon and nitrogen balance method. The results revealed that the carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) excretions and energy losses at faeces and urine, as well as the output of methane and CO2, increased significantly with decreasing feed intake(P0.01). The apparent digestibilities of C in th e stages of non-pregnancy and early, middle and late lactation were 55.8–58.3%, 62.5–73.8%, 64.8–71.3%, and 61.7–65.0%, respectively, and the apparent digestibilities of N were 45.2–51.3%, 73.7–82.7%, 72.8–80.5%, and 73.6–76.5%, respectively. The corresponding energy apparent digestibilities were 52.0–56.3%, 60.7–76.6%, 61.0–68.8%, and 61.4–67.7%, respectively. The ME/DE(digestible energy) values were 79.5–85.9%, 79.4–83.5%, 81.0%–85.3% and 78.6–82.9%, respectively. The maintenance requirements of NE, ME, and the efficiencies of ME utilisation for maintenance during the stages of non-pregnancy and early, middle and late lactation were 215.5, 253.1, 247.7, and 244.7 k J kg~(–1) BW0.75 d, and 372.4, 327.1, 320.9, and 362.0 k J kg~(–1) BW0.75 d, and 0.58, 0.77, 0.77, and 0.68, respectively. The ME requirement for the growth of non-pregnant ewes was 31.3 MJ kg~(–1) BW gain.     

Synthesis and anticancer activity of (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines

Twelve (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines 4a–l were synthesized from (–)-β-pinene. The structures of these compounds were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ESI-MS. All the compounds were tested for their anticancer activity against lung cancer cell line A549, gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and breast cancer cell line MCF7 by MTT method, respectively. The results showed that compounds 4f, 4j and 4k had promising anticancer activity against these cancer cell lines, in particular, compound 4f exhibited broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer activity against cell lines A549, MKN45 and MCF7 with IC₅₀ of 23.78, 67.61 and 53.87 µmol·L⁻¹, respectively. The preliminary analysis of the structure activity relationship implied that the Br or Cl substituted group of the benzene ring in these derivatives significantly contributed to the anticancer activity.     

苦瓜白粉病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析

通过统计苦瓜白粉病的病情指数,研究白粉病抗性的遗传规律。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法对抗病品系04-17-3和感病品系25-1杂交组合的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2共6个世代群体抗白粉病遗传进行研究。结果表明：苦瓜对白粉病的抗性遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（E-1）,抗病对感病为不完全隐性;2对主基因的加性效应值均为-12.00;2对主基因分别具有正向部分显性和正向超显性作用,加性效应值均大于其显性效应值,上位性效应值（i+jab+jba+l）为负值。从遗传率上看,回交世代和F2的主基因的值分别为55.14％、43.56％和95.22％,多基因的值分别为16.10％、26.57％和0,环境变异在4.78％~29.87％间。主基因和多基因共同决定了苦瓜对白粉病的抗性,以主基因遗传为主,同时还受到环境变异的部分影响。在白粉病抗性育种过程中,应注意利用加性效应,选用白粉病抗性基因较多的材料作为亲本,并在早代进行选择,尤其是F2代主基因选择效率最高。     

地膜覆盖对杂交谷子光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响

试验在河北省张家口市农科院宣化试验站（115°3′N ,40°63′E ）进行,研究了露地平地种植、全膜平铺平地种植、沟植不覆盖地膜、垄膜覆盖膜侧沟植4种种植方式下地膜覆盖对张杂谷3号光合作用等生理特征、产量及水分利用的影响。试验结果表明,地膜覆盖使平播及沟植条件下的籽粒产量分别增加13．25％和6．64％,叶片水势提高0．16 MPa和0．09 MPa ,叶片光合速率提高10．87％和15．69％,蒸腾速率提高8．5％和15．95％,气孔导度提高0．0092 mol·m－2·s－1和0．0284 mol·m－2·s－1,叶片水分利用效率提高13．80％和1．80％。从以上结果得出：（1）地膜覆盖改善了植株水分状态,叶片水势和叶绿素含量均提高,植株生长旺盛;使叶片的光合等生理活动维持较高水平;植株水分利用效率提升,从而促进了籽粒产量的显著提高;（2）平播条件下覆膜的增产效果较平地播种、无膜沟植、垄膜沟植更加明显。     

糖原合成酶激酶3β对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

本试验通过向纯化的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中添加不同浓度（0（对照组）、10、20、40 mmol/L）的糖原合成酶激酶3β（glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK3β）特异性蛋白抑制剂氯化锂（Licl）,作用细胞24 h,研究其对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响,并利用qRT-PCR和Western blotting分别检测不同浓度Licl对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中GSK3β、细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1） mRNA水平及GSK3β、磷酸化GSK3β （p-GSK3β）、Cyclin D1蛋白水平表达的影响。结果显示,Licl能促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖活性,Licl抑制GSK3β后促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的最佳浓度为20 mmol/L。与对照组相比,添加Licl后GSK3β蛋白表达受到抑制,p-GSK3β蛋白表达上调,同时提高了Cyclin D1蛋白表达。表明GSK3β对于奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的能力是负调控因子,失活的GSK3β通过Cyclin D1途径促进细胞周期的进行。     

救必应不同提取物与西药联合对产ESBLs细菌作用研究

试验旨在探讨4种救必应提取物与抗菌药物联合诱导细菌传代的体外抑菌活性。本试验制备了4种救必应提取物,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法体外检测提取物与抗菌药物联合诱导耐药大肠杆菌传代的抑菌作用。结果显示,4种救必应提取物与抗菌药物联合诱导细菌传代对耐药大肠杆菌有不同程度的抑菌活性,其中提取物Ⅰ、Ⅲ与抗菌药物联合效果最好。提示,救必应提取物Ⅰ、Ⅲ与抗菌药物联合诱导细菌传代具有体外抗耐药菌作用。     

铜与草甘膦单一污染和复合污染对水稻土酶活性的影响

通过实验室培养试验,研究了铜与草甘膦单一污染和复合污染对水稻土中淀粉酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,铜与草甘膦单一和复合污染对土壤中4种酶活性的影响效果明显不同。当铜单一污染时,抑制淀粉酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活性,对过氧化氢酶活性的影响是低浓度激活高浓度抑制;而草甘膦单一污染时,对4种酶活性的影响是：激活淀粉酶和脲酶,抑制过氧化氢酶,对磷酸酶活性的影响则是低浓度激活高浓度抑制。铜和草甘膦复合污染,显著改变了铜或草甘磷单一污染对土壤酶的毒性效应。即复合污染对过氧化氢酶的毒性大于单一污染;对淀粉酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的毒性,小于铜单一污染,但大于草甘磷。方差分析结果表明,不同铜浓度间和不同草甘膦浓度间4种酶活性差异均达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）;铜和草甘膦互作浓度间,淀粉酶和脲酶活性差异分别达到了显著水平和极显著水平,其他2种酶活性差异不显著。     

陕西卤泊滩盐碱地综合治理措施及效益分析

盐碱地作为一种重要的土地资源,对其进行治理和改良的意义重大.陕西省卤泊滩盐碱地综合治理工程,主要应用农业工程技术、生物技术等措施对盐碱地进行综合治理,通过合理规划布置工程体系,平整土地、种植耐盐碱作物、修建方田、逐步恢复区域生态,实现系统自我调节,水地资源动态平衡.实践结果表明,卤泊滩盐碱地综合治理措施效果显著,土壤质量提高,生态环境改善,农作物产量提高,取得了显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益.     

桑椹在畜牧业中应用的可行性探讨

桑椹富含多种营养成分、功能性物质及桑椹红色素.桑椹在食品和医药方面得到了重视和合理开发.本文通过对桑椹的化学组成、功能特点等方面的分析,研究在目前饲料原料紧缺和提倡发展绿色畜牧业的时期,桑椹在畜牧业中应用的可行性.     

Resistance of Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Transgenic Rice to Bacterial Blight

Antimicrobial peptide is a polypeptide with antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial peptide genes Np3 and Np5 from Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus Chinensis) were integrated into Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv. Aichi ashahi by Agrobacterium mediated transformation system. PCR analysis showed that the positive ratios of Np3 and Np5 were 36% and 45% in T0 generation, respectively. RT-PCR analysis showed that the antimicrobial peptide genes were expressed in T1 generation, and there was no obvious difference in agronomic traits between transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants. Four Np3 and Np5 transgenic lines in T1 generation were inoculated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain CR4, and all the four transgenic lines had significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial blight caused by the strain CR4. The Np5 transgenic lines also showed higher resistance to bacterial blight caused by strains JS97-2, Zhe 173 and OS-225. It is suggested that transgenic lines with Np5 gene might possess broad spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight.