简易节能开放型鸡舍环境工程设计的研究——兼论我国工厂化养鸡节能节资的可行性

一、课题的提出我国的工厂化养鸡场,在建筑形式上沿用工业与民用建筑,多采用钢混结构或钢木结构的封闭型鸡舍,这种封闭型鸡舍,无疑可按鸡群需要控制创造良好的舍内环境,对生产可以起到较好的作用。但是由于缺乏经验和设计、施工过程中技术和物质条件不够,往往达不到     

α -三联噻吩对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta觅食行为和触角功能的影响

通过研究光活化杀虫活性成分 α -三联噻吩( α -T)对红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren工蚁觅食行为和触角识别功能的影响,探讨了光活化成分用于控制红火蚁的可行性。用Potter喷雾法将100 μg/mL的 α -T丙酮水溶液喷施于红火蚁中型工蚁体表,再经紫外(UVA)光照射30 min,在处理后5、10、15、20和30 min时,试蚁对火腿肠的识别率分别为20.00%、25.00%、38.33%、40.00% 和41.67%,对杀虫剂饵料的识别率分别为3.33%、0、0、3.33%和0,聚集率分别为17.50%、38.33%、 32.50%、45.00%和48.33%;经100 μg/mL的 α -T涂抹试蚁触角再经紫外光照处理30 min后,触角对丙酮反应的电位值为-0.177 mV,可正常行走的工蚁比率为75.00%;以100 μg/mL的 α -T涂抹试蚁触角并经紫外光照射30 min后10 h,红火蚁的死亡率为27.50%;上述结果均与 α -T黑暗处理、对照(CK)光照处理和CK黑暗处理结果差异显著。 α -T对红火蚁工蚁食物识别和探路行走能力均具有良好的光活化抑制作用,以其防治红火蚁具有良好可行性。     

施氮对高产春大豆氮素吸收分配的影响

以高油品种黑农41为材料研究了高产条件下,氮肥对春大豆植株氮素吸收的影响.结果表明,始花期施氮肥促进氮素吸收,提高氮素的积累速率,推迟氮素积累高峰期,氮素积累总量增加,促进氮素向子粒分配,提高子粒产量和蛋白质含量.在施氮量为0-90kg/hm2范围内,每生产100kg子粒,氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)吸收量略增,三者之间的比率稳定,约为1:0.28:0.69,再增加氮肥施用量,钾的吸收比率明显下降.     

长期施用控释掺混尿素对麦田土壤酶活性及养分的影响

为探究秸秆还田条件下长期施用控释掺混尿素对土壤酶活性及养分状况的影响。基于自2008年开始的长期定位施肥田间试验,于2021年小麦返青期、挑旗期、灌浆期和成熟期采集0—20 cm土壤样品,以不施氮肥为对照,研究秸秆还田条件下控释掺混尿素(CRF)和普通尿素(BBF)2种氮肥类型及不施氮(N 0 kg/hm²)、减量(N 120 kg/hm²,N1)、常量(N 240 kg/hm²,N2)和增量(N 360 kg/hm²,N3)4个施氮水平对麦季土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响,并对指标进行相关性分析。结果表明：相同施氮水平下的控释掺混尿素处理较普通尿素处理土壤蔗糖酶活性提高9.6%～21.0%,纤维素酶活性提高9.0%～31.5%。在小麦返青期和成熟期,控释掺混尿素处理的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于普通尿素处理,提高23.2%～145.0%。在返青期,CRF2处理土壤铵态氮含量较BBF2处理显著提高148.0%;成熟期,各施氮水平的控释掺混尿素处理的土壤铵态氮含量均显著高于普通尿素处理。CRF1和CRF2处理的...     

大黑山生态修复区典型植物群落物种多样性变化特征分析

以大黑山水土保持生态修复工程示范区为研究区域,运用典型植物群落物种组成和群落物种多样性指数方法,对大黑山水土保持生态修复区典型植物群落物种多样性变化特征进行了研究,结果表明,生态修复区内天然次生林植物群落形成了乔灌草相结合的稳定的植物群落结构。人工林植物群落按生长型可以划为明显的乔木层和草本层2层群落结构类型;典型植物群落物种多样性指数的排序为:蒙古栎+蒙椴植物群落(Ⅱ)>山杏+黄榆植物群落(Ⅰ)>蒙古栎植物群落(Ⅲ)>油松+山杏混交植物群落(Ⅴ)>油松纯林植物群落(Ⅳ)>油松+沙棘混交植物群落(Ⅵ)>油松疏林植物群落(Ⅶ)。天然次生林植物群落的物种多样性要大于人工林植物群落。天然次生林植物群落由于远离人类活动区,长期以来受人为干扰较小,逐渐形成了相对比较发达的草本层植物群落。     

大豆干物质积累、分配与收获指数研究

对不同熟期类型大豆种质收获指数进行比较分析,结果表明：在同一熟期种质之间,收获指数可以作为评价丰产性的指标之一,但不同熟期类型间没有可比性。     

Research on digital intelligent recognition method of the weave pattern of fabric based on the redundant information

Digital intelligent recognition for the weave pattern of fabric plays an important role to improve automation and artificial intelligence in textile production process. In order to improve the data processing efficiency and minimize the negative influence such as human error in the conventional methods, a rapid, automatic and accurate method for the surface structure analysis and the fabric weave pattern recognition is proposed. First of all, an imaging system was designed to obtain the double-faced images of fabric samples, and then the captured images were treated by projection algorithm in both warp and weft directions to generate a grid net which splits the image into massive nodes. In the following step, the nodes were preliminary classified based on the intensity of the node’s quadrilateral boundary and at the same time, the color of the nodes was calculated by using the color clustering method. To improve the accuracy of node classification, the types and color information of the adjacent nodes, together with double-faced image information, were utilized for error correction. At last, the node information acquired was encoded and expressed digitally by a basic matrix, two one-dimension matrices (row and column) and a color mapping table. Following the procedure above, the digital model of the weave pattern of the sample fabric is established. Experiments have been conducted and show the performance of the proposed method.     

乡村振兴战略背景下海南农业发展研究*

就目前我国乡村振兴战略实施情况来看, 2018年是该战略实施的起始年。而对于海南省来讲,乡村振兴战略是推动其“三农”进一步发展的关键战略。海南省作为我国主要的经济特区之一和唯一的省级经济特区,积极响应乡村振兴战略的号召,并制定出相应的措施,以此来促进海南现代农业的发展。虽然目前海南乡村振兴战略实施情况整体趋势较好,但是仍遇到了一定的阻碍。文章针对乡村振兴背景下的海南现代化农业发展情况进行研究,提出海南实施乡村振兴战略过程中的问题,从而提出相应的改善对策。这不仅有助于乡村振兴战略在海南的顺利实施,同时也有助于海南现代农业的发展,进而对当地的经济发展有一定的帮助。     

金边杂种胡颓子叶色突变体叶色变化机理的初步研究

以野生型杂种胡颓子(WT)和突变型金边杂种胡颓子(MT)的3年生扦插苗为供试材料,研究突变型金边杂种胡颓子叶绿素含量与光合特性等生理指标,分析叶色变化的原因。结果显示:(1)叶绿素总含量:杂种胡颓子(WT1.530mg/g)>金边杂种胡颓子叶片绿色部位(MT-绿色1.078mg/g)>金边杂种胡颓子叶片黄色部位(MT-黄化0.031mg/g);类胡萝卜素含量:WT(0.505mg/g)>MT-绿色(0.318mg/g)>MT-黄化(0.050mg/g);(2)金边杂种胡颓子叶片绿色部位的Chla/b比值较WT叶片绿色部位,没有显著性的差异,但其叶片黄化部位的Chla/b比值显著低于野生型杂种胡颓子;(3)金边杂种胡颓子较野生型胡颓子光合速率及相关参数都有显著的改变。可见,金边杂种胡颓子的叶色变化是由叶片色素含量变化导致,导致植株的光合参数与叶绿素荧光参数等指标发生改变。     

Biomass and Cu and Zn Uptake of Two Turfgrass Species Grown in Sludge Compost–soil Mixtures

Two kinds of common turfgrass, fescue and ryegrass, were grown in soils amended with 20?×?80% sludge compost (SC) in this research. The effects of SC on two kinds of soil and response of fescue and ryegrass to the SC amendment were studied. The results showed that urease activity, extractable content of Cu and Zn and Electrical conductivity of both soils increased while pH decreased with the increase of SC amendment. However, the change of these parameters also depended strongly on soil characteristics. Sludge compost at the ≤40 and ≤60% levels can improve growth of fescue and ryegrass, respectively. The biomass of fescue grown in substrate with 40% SC increased 27% in a red soil and 44% in a yellow loamy soil compared to the control. The biomass of ryegrass grown in substrate with 60% SC increased 120% in the red soil and 86% in the yellow loamy soil. Sludge compost amendment at these levels did not significantly affect soluble salt contents of soil or Cu and Zn in plant tissue. Therefore, rational use of sludge compost can take advantage of its beneficial effect as a nutrient source for plant production while avoiding the potential deleterious effects on soil and plant.