Localization of CD9 Molecule on Bull Spermatozoa: Its Involvement in the Sperm–Egg Interaction

Tetraspanin CD9 is one of the egg membrane proteins known to be essential in fertilization process. The presence and localization of CD9 molecule in spermatozoa and its possible function in reproduction are still unclear. In our study, we describe the localization of CD9 on bull spermatozoa. In the immunofluorescence assay, the positive signal has been observed in the high proportion of sperm cells as a fine grains either on the apical part or through the entire anterior region of sperm head. CD9 recognized by monoclonal antibody IVA‐50 was detected on freshly ejaculated (83.4 ± 3.7%) and frozen‐thawed (84.3 ± 2.3%) sperm. The same reaction pattern was observed on sperm capacitated for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h (83.6 ± 2.0%; 84.0 ± 1.5%; 85.7 ± 0.8%; 77.5 ± 10.8%). The presence of CD9 exclusively on plasma membrane of the bovine sperm has been detected by Western blot analysis of the protein fractions after the discontinuous sucrose gradient fractionation of the bull sperm. Moreover, probable role of the sperm CD9 molecule in fertilization process of cattle has been suggested as sperm treatment with anti‐CD9 antibody significantly reduced (by 25%, p ≤ 0.001) the number of fertilized oocytes compared to control group in fertilization assay in vitro.     

基于辐射累积量的灌溉策略对不同土壤质地温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响

针对设施土壤栽培中缺乏简单实用灌溉策略的问题,该研究以黄瓜‘中农26’为试材,在典型土壤质地（壤土、黏壤土和砂壤土）下,控制同一质地土壤相同太阳辐射量累积下总灌水量一致,探究基于太阳辐射累积量的灌溉策略（分别以15、20和25 MJ/m²的辐射累积量作为灌水起始点）对日光温室秋冬茬黄瓜植株生长、产量、灌溉水分利用效率和品质的影响。结果表明,对于壤土、黏壤土和砂壤土,以25 MJ/m²的辐射累积量作为灌水起始点,分别对应单次3.22、3.56和2.77 mm的灌水量,有利于植株获得更高的光合速率、叶面积、株高和节间数;但同一质地土壤相同灌水量下基于太阳辐射累积量的灌溉策略并未对黄瓜产量和灌溉水分利用效率产生显著影响（P>0.05）。对于壤土、黏壤土和砂壤土,以20 MJ/m²的辐射累积量作为灌溉起始点,分别对应单次2.59、2.85和2.22 mm的灌水量,果实可获得较高的可溶性糖和维生素C含量,较低的硝酸盐含量,品质较优。因此,基于太阳辐射累积量作为灌水起始点的灌溉策略可用于设施黄瓜栽培,但单次灌水量需综合考虑土壤质地类型和高产/优质的栽培目标进行设定。     

几种小红栲变性淀粉的结构特性

目前世界上变性淀粉的年产量已经达到500万t左右,如美国为200万t以上,欧洲为90万t,日本在30万t以上;而我国在2000年变性淀粉的产量为35万t,仅为世界产量的7%,根本无法满足国内109万t以上的市场需求而每年都要从国外进口     

Effect of cimicifugoside H-1 on amino acid neurotransmitters in striatum of rats with cerebral ischemia

AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect of cimicifugoside H-1 and to explore the mechanism involved by determining the variation of amino acid neurotransmitters in extracellular fluid in the striatum of rats with cerebral ischemia. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, cerebral ischemia, high-, middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1, and ginkgo groups. Focal cerebral ischemia model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with sutures. Normal saline was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia group, while ginkgo and different doses of cimicifugoside H-1 were injected into the rats in ginkgo group and high-, middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1 groups, respectively, once a day for 7 d. The striatal fluids were gained in vivo by brain microdialysis. The contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid were tested by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detector system. RESULTS: Compared with sham-operated group, the contents of excitatory amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) were significantly increased 2 h after cerebral ischemia (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid were significantly decreased 2 h after cerebral ischemia in high-dose cimicifugoside H-1 and ginkgo groups (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid did not show significant decrease 2 h after cerebral ischemia in middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1 groups. Compared with sham-operated group, the contents of inhibitory amino acid (γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine) were significantly decreased 3 h after cerebral ischemia in cerebral ischemia group (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine were significantly increased 3 h after cerebral ischemia in high-dose cimicifugoside H-1 and ginkgo groups (P<0.05). Compared with cerebral ischemia group, the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine did not show significant decrease 3 h after cerebral ischemia in middle- and low-dose cimicifugoside H-1 groups. CONCLUSION: Cimicifugoside H-1 restrains the excessive releases of excitatory amino acids and increases the contents of inhibitory amino acids during cerebral ischemia. It doesn't only penetrate through the blood brain barrier, but also regulates the disorder of excitatory amino acid during cerebral ischemia, thus showing the protective function to cerebral neuron during cerebral ischemia.     

柠条枝条覆盖对宁夏荒漠草原土壤水热及补播牧草生物量的影响

干旱是影响宁夏东部沙化区荒漠草地退化的主要自然因素,也是天然草地补播成功率低的主要原因,该地区大面积种植的柠条是土壤覆盖保水的丰富资源,但是缺乏相关研究.选择平坦的、未生长柠条的退化天然补播草地作为研究对象,在临近有柠条生长的草地平茬其柠条枝条用于试验覆盖,研究不同柠条覆盖厚度(TSM0,覆盖0 cm;TSM1,覆盖1...     

Differences in the crude protein fractions of lucerne leaves and stems under different stand structures

Protein degradability in forage legumes is of global importance because utilization efficiency of forage has economic and environmental consequences. However, there are no published studies on the effect of legume stand structure on differences in crude protein (CP) fractions. The main objective of the present research was therefore to investigate differences in CP fractions in leaves and stems of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) during the growing season. Stand traits were measured over 2 years, and forage was sampled at the early bud and early flower stages in the first, second and third cuts. Stems had significantly higher concentrations (in g kg^?1 CP) of non‐protein (fraction A: 430 g kg^?1 CP) and indigestible nitrogen (fraction C: 92 g kg^?1 CP) than leaves and had lower relative content of true protein (fraction B: 478 g kg^?1 CP). In the total forage (stems and leaves combined), about 80% of the variation in CP fractions was explained by year, cut and maturity. Year was the most important factor, particularly for the B fractions. Cut was the second‐most important factor; its main effect was that the relative abundance of fraction A declined from 394 g kg^?1 CP in the first cut to 293 in g kg^?1 CP the third cut. Maturity increased the amounts of indigestible fraction C and protein fractions B₁ and B₃. This was associated with the leaf weight ratio, which had an inverse relationship with maximal stem length and dry matter yield. Variation partitioning showed that 75% of CP fraction variability associated with cut, maturity and year could be explained by the evaluated stand traits. This research has highlighted the need to consider plant morphological traits when legume CP fractions are evaluated.     

应用聚合酶链反应快速检测沙门氏菌

根据沙门氏菌组氨酸转运操纵子基因序列设计引物，对沙门氏菌属A－F各群中共15株沙门氏菌标准菌株、27株沙门氏菌现场分离菌株和其他10株非沙门氏菌菌株进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增，结果沙门氏菌均出现495bp特异性DNA扩增条带，所有对照均未出现特异条带，提示这对引物具有很强的沙门氏菌属特异性。PCR敏感性试验显示，该体系能检出14pg以上的沙门氏菌DNA。通过对5种不同的DNA模板提取方法的比较，选择操作简便、快速、成本低廉的热裂解法。采用该方法。采用该方法，对生鲜奶样进行检测，经与国家标准卫生检验方法相比较，两者符合率达100％。     

‘富士’苹果不套袋与套袋密度对树体光合特性的影响

为进一步探讨不套袋与套袋对苹果品质影响的机理,以8年生‘富士’苹果（‘天红2号’/‘M26’/八棱海棠）为试验材料,共设5个套袋密度处理（不套袋、套袋1/3的果实、套袋1/2的果实、套袋2/3的果实、套袋所有果实）,所用果袋为小林果袋（双层纸袋,内红外棕）,研究不同套袋密度对果实套袋前（6月19日）、套袋后2天（6月21日）、套袋中（8月22日和9月27日）、摘袋后2天（10月9日）和采收后1天（11月3日）苹果叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,套袋不仅降低了苹果树冠层内的光照强度,而且显著降低了叶片的光合速率,而随着套袋密度的增加,苹果树冠层内的净光合速率显著降低,尤其是在8月和9月。5个处理的冠层光强、气孔导度、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和叶片比重的变化与净光合速率的变化基本一致,说明果实套袋导致叶片光合性能下降。套袋苹果光合速率的降低是由气孔导度的降低引起的,这可能与光照强度降低有关;而在9月光合速率的降低还可能与高温弱光,套袋苹果叶片出现非气孔限制有关。     

瓜类蔬菜白粉病及其抗性分子遗传的研究进展

瓜类蔬菜是蔬菜产业重要的种类之一,但其产量和品质严重受到白粉病的影响。解决白粉病危害瓜类蔬菜生产最为有效的途径是选育和推广抗病品种,而对瓜类蔬菜白粉病菌及其抗性分子遗传机理的了解和运用是加快抗病品种选育的前提和基础。文章综述了瓜类蔬菜白粉病病原菌种类和分布、抗性遗传和抗性基因、抗性分子标记技术的开发和应用,针对存在的问题提出进一步研究的方向,以期为瓜类蔬菜抗白粉病育种提供参考和借鉴。     

溶藻细菌的分离及溶藻特性研究

从爆发蓝藻水华的鱼池采集水样,以铜绿微囊藻为对象进行溶藻细菌筛选,得到R1、R2、R3、R5、R6、R8和R9共7株溶藻细菌,生理生化特征初步鉴定R5为海鱼弧菌,另6株为非发酵型细菌.R1、R3、R5、R8和R9细菌含量为105～108 cfu/ml时,对微囊藻的抑制率很高,效果优于R2和R6.对R1、R3、R5和R9...