基于显著性检测的黄瓜叶部病害图像分割算法

针对复杂背景下黄瓜叶部病害分割精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于显著性检测的黄瓜叶部病害图像分割算法。首先利用超像素将黄瓜图像分块,获取黄瓜叶片的边缘,并提出了一种超像素间权重计算方法和显著种子选取方法;然后通过流形排序计算显著图,对得到的显著图进行阈值分割,得到二值图像;再将二值图像与原图像进行掩码运算,得到黄瓜病害叶片;最后利用超绿特征和数学形态学对病害叶片进行分割得到病斑。对常见的黄瓜病害(白粉病、褐斑病、霜霉病、炭疽病)图像进行测试,结果表明该算法与Otsu算法和k-means算法相比,有效解决了冗余分割问题,错分率均在5%以内,算法平均执行时间均小于4 000 ms,分割效果更加精确,为后续构建黄瓜病害自动识别系统奠定了基础。     

纯电驱动工程机械自动怠速系统参数优化与试验

针对工程机械节能需求,考虑挖掘机的典型工况,以保证在取消怠速恢复工作时执行器入口能快速建立压力为目标,提出一种基于蓄能器的二级怠速控制系统,通过检测先导手柄压力、液压泵出口压力、执行器入口压力和蓄能器压力等作为判断条件,制定驱动电机转速切换规则。对影响怠速过程的关键元件液压蓄能器的性能参数进行分析,以选定的蓄能器参数在某1.5 t纯电驱动挖掘机上进行试验,结果表明所提出的二级自动怠速控制系统能在两级怠速之间切换,且具有蓄能器的自动怠速系统,与无自动怠速控制的系统相比,节能达36%;与无蓄能器的自动怠速系统相比,恢复工作时执行器压力建立更迅速,压力更平稳,具有较好的操作稳定性。     

基于梯度分布不均匀性的干瘪红枣识别

为了从混合的饱满红枣和干瘪红枣中识别出干瘪红枣,首先分析了颜色空间模型的特性,选择灰度图、RGB颜色空间模型的R分量、L*a*b*颜色空间模型的a*分量,并使用不同的梯度算子作为对比;然后通过形态学运算、逻辑运算去除异常梯度,进行梯度归一化变换;最后采用归一化的梯度直方图作为红枣表面的纹理特征表示方法,并计算其梯度分布不均匀性作为判别准则。利用12通道红枣分选机采集240幅饱满与202幅干瘪红枣图像作为样本图像。实验结果表明,采用简单梯度算子对L*a*b*模型的a*分量提取纹理信息效果最好,误判率为0.83%,正确识别率高达99.01%。     

车辆半主动悬架系统模糊混合控制策略

在建立4自由度1/2车辆半主动悬架系统模型基础上,首先研发了兼顾车辆平顺性与道路友好性的模糊混合控制策略,然后利用自行开发的以Freescale MC9S12XDP512为核心处理芯片的16位电子控制单元,并结合Matlab/Real-time Windows Target模块搭建了车辆半主动悬架系统控制策略硬件在环仿真平台,在该平台开展了基于硬件在环的半实物仿真试验,深入验证模糊混合控制策略的实车应用可行性.试验结果表明,与天棚控制、地棚控制相比,所提出的模糊混合控制策略可以有效兼顾车辆平顺性和道路友好性,具有较好的实车应用前景.     

Simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder by visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was examined as a possible alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder (n = 26). NIR spectra were collected over 400-2500 nm. For each sample and individual ginsenoside quantified by HPLC, spectral data were regressed against the chemical data to develop prediction equations. The spectral prediction equations produced high correlation coefficient (1-VR) values and low standard errors of cross validation (SECV) values for the determination of individual and total ginsenosides. The contents of individual ginsenosides, Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re, Rg(1), Ro, m-Rb(1), m-Rb(2), m-Rc, m-Rd, and total ginsenosides (X +/- SECV) were (1.29+/-0.18)%, (0.273+/-0.096)%, (0.298+/-0.052)%, (0.091+/-0.027)%, (1. 015+/-0.114)%, (0.116+/-0.018)%, (0.25+/-0.040)%, (0.776+/-0.116)%, (0.197+/-0.074)%, (0.239+/-0.083)%, (0.143+/-0.042)%, and (4.393+/-0.283)%, respectively. The (1-VR) values of cross validation were 0.877, 0.872, 0.955, 0.834, 0.899, 0.919, 0.325, 0.849, 0.902, 0.877, 0.871, and 0.963, respectively. Results indicated that the NIRS method could be used for the analysis of the major ginsenosides, Rb(1), Re, and m-Rb(1), as well as the total ginsenosides in American ginseng.     

翻转卸料双轴桨叶饲料混合机工作性能试验研究

该文介绍了作者设计并研制的新型翻转式双轴桨叶混合机,阐述了其工作原理。为了提高双轴桨叶混合机的混合性能,采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验,对设计样机进行混合均匀度及机内残留率的试验研究,得出了其工作参数的合理组合：混合时间为180 s,充满系数为0.75,桨叶轴转速为56 r/min;机内残留量极小(约为0.015%),满足其作为配合饲料生产,尤其是预混合饲料生产的工艺要求,也为进一步改进设计提供了依据。     

基于GIS的地下水资源可持续性评价

该文根据区域水资源评价工作的特点和GIS技术强大的空间分析功能,探讨了GIS技术在区域水资源可持续性评价中的可行性,并将其应用到北京市通州区潞城镇地下水资源可持续性评价中。根据GIS技术与动态均衡法的结合,评价得出自1988年以来,潞城镇地下水储量一直处于亏损状态,16年累计亏损1715.577万m³,地下水位平均每年下降0.12 m。表明今后该区域地下水应采取相应措施来缓解地下水的压力。     

辽宁省东部山区5种森林植被类型水文生态效益综合评判

利用层次分析与Fuzzy数学相结合方法,对辽宁省东部山区5种森林植被类型水源涵养能力进行了多目标综合评判。首先利用层次分析法确定了评价因子林冠截留、林冠蒸散、枯落物蓄水、土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、初渗速率、稳渗速率、土壤总蓄水和土壤有效水的权重集为C=(0.0245,0.0051,0.1993,0.0109,0.0762,0.0565,0.2827,0.0573,0.2866),然后利用最大模糊熵原则确定了评价因子的隶属函数,最后利用Fuzzy综合评判得出油松、落叶松、红松、柞木林、杂木林评价结果模糊子集为B=(0.4686,0.3784,0.4145,0.6128,0.4808),结果表明阔叶林水源涵养效益高于针叶林,其中柞木林效益最佳。     

Comparison of mass spectrometry-based electronic nose and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to assess infant formula oxidation

Two headspace techniques based on mass spectrometry detection (MS), electronic nose, and solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) were evaluated for their ability to differentiate various infant formula powders based on changes of their volatiles upon storage. The electronic nose gave unresolved MS fingerprints of the samples gas phases that were further submitted to principal component analysis (PCA). Such direct MS recording combined to multivariate treatment enabled a rapid differentiation of the infant formulas over a 4 week storage test. Although MS-based electronic nose advantages are its easy-to-use aspect and its meaningful data interpretation obtained with a high throughput (100 samples per 24 h), its greatest disadvantage is that the present compounds could not be identified and quantified. For these reasons, a SPME-GC/MS measurement was also investigated. This technique allowed the identification of saturated aldehydes as the main volatiles present in the headspace of infant milk powders. An isotope dilution assay was further developed to quantitate hexanal as a potential indicator of infant milk powder oxidation. Thus, hexanal content was found to vary from roughly 500 and 3500 microg/kg for relatively non-oxidized and oxidized infant formulas, respectively.     

小麦新抗源——贵农21抗白粉病基因分析

用4个具有不同毒力的小麦白粉菌生理小种,分别接种贵农21与5个抗感不同白粉菌小种的品种杂交的F1、F2和部分组合的BC1F1,群体的幼苗离体叶段,定单株编号和统计,初步鉴定出贵农21具有2对独立的显性抗病基因,其中1对只抗1和11号小种,与P38携带的抗1和11小种的基因相同;另1还对抗311和313号小种,与P38携带的另1对基因不同。