中国古代养兔发展史

从化石和历史文献角度概述了我国古今存在的兔种,分析了我国家兔起源驯化过程,并通过历代对兔的记载纵观我国养兔发展,为我国家兔起源及驯化历史提供一定参考依据。     

逆境胁迫下苜蓿乙醛脱氢酶基因的表达

为研究苜蓿植株在盐、低温、干旱胁迫下,植株体内的乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）基因表达量的变化,在3种逆境条件下分别取处理0、4、8、12、24h叶片,用荧光定量RT—PCR法测定了ALDH基N的表达量。结果表明,与对照相比,盐胁迫的苜蓿植株叶片ALDH基因表达量随处理时间的不同,表达量有所上升也有所下降;低温胁迫处理的植株叶片ALDH基因随处理时间的不同表达量有升有降;干旱胁迫处理下,对干旱的胁迫处理敏感性很差,表达量很低。     

High concentration of extracellular ATP causes autophagy and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells

AIM：To examine the effects of high concentration of extracellular ATP on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell injury. METHODS：Cultured SH-SY5Y cells were grouped according to the concentrations of ATP and treatment time. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The variation of autophagic vacuoles was observed with monodansylcadaverine staining. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Meanwhile, apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ) were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS：Compared with control group, the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by ATP at different concentrations (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mmol/L for 3 h) and different treatment time (1, 2, 3 and 6 h with 6 mmol/L ATP, peaking at 3 h). The autophagic vacuoles of SH-SY5Y cells were significantly increased at 1 h with ATP treatment, trended to decrease over time and returned to control level at 6 h. The protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was significantly increased at 1 h with ATP treatment, which was consistent with the time points of increasing autophagic vacuoles. LC3-Ⅱ expression level gradually decreased at 2~3 h with ATP treatment, and returned to control level at 6 h. Compared with control group, the apoptotic rate and the expression level of caspase-3 were enhanced synchronously. The peak of apoptotic rate occurred at 3 h, and kept until 6 h.The level of cleaved caspase-3 expression peaked at 6 h. CONCLUSION：High concentration of extracellular ATP induces the autophagy and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. The increased autophagy shows up, followed by the climax of apoptosis until 6 h. With the prolonged duration of ATP, apoptosis is the main process in the cells.     

西藏当曲河的鱼类

1980年7月上旬在西藏拉萨河上游支流当曲河进行调查，采集到鱼类标本113号，经鉴定为6种和1种自然杂交鱼类。     

不同遮荫程度对假俭草光合特性和抗氧化能力的影响

试验以50%和70%遮荫下生长的假俭草为材料,研究了不同遮荫程度对假俭草光合特性和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：与全光照相比,2种遮荫处理,尤其50%遮荫,显著地提高了叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量,而叶片净光合速率及光饱和点发生了降低,相比而言,丙二醛含量和叶绿素a/b比值没有发生显著变化。另外,随着遮荫强度的加大,超氧化物歧化酶活性不断降低,电解质外渗率不断增加,而脯氨酸的积累则显著减少、说明遮荫下植株的抗氧化能力降低。     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。     

亚热带地区马蹄金草坪播种量的筛选

马蹄金是一种重要的地被植物,然而目前利用的种子依赖于进口,如何减少种子利用是生产中面临的问题。试验以马蹄金作为材料,按10、13、16、19、22g/m2进行播种,采用随机区组设计,通过相对生长速率、盖度、密度及草坪综合质量等指标测定,筛选出适宜亚热带地区的播种量。结果表明:播种量为19g/m2的条件下,生长80d后马蹄金草坪密度达到165.57株/米2,盖度为69.78%;与其他处理相比,播种量为19g/m2杂草发生率少,且盖度增加快,均一性好,综合质量最高(P0.05)。因而,19g/m2可以作为马蹄金在亚热带地区建植草坪时的适宜播种量。     

Major histocompatibility complex and mate choice in the polygynous primate: the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

The highly polymorphic genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) not only play a major role in immunity resistance, but also seem to provide hints for mate choice in some animal populations. In the present study we investigated MHC‐related mate choice in a small natural population (group size 40–55 individuals) of a polygynous primate, the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). We found that there was no evidence either for MHC‐disassortative mating, or for females to mate with males based on MHC heterozygosity or specific alleles. Nevertheless, of the 11 alleles identified, we found that the frequencies of 2 alleles, Rhro‐DRB2 (P < 0.01) and Rhro‐DRB5 (P < 0.05) were higher in offspring than in their parents. These findings suggest that MHC‐DRB in this population of R. roxellana is unlikely to be associated with mating preferences. Limited female opportunities for mate choice are likely due, in part, to the harem breeding structure present in R. roxellana, and the relatively small number of resident adult males in our study band (N = 4–6). In addition, we suggest that differences in the frequency of particular alleles across generations may be linked to parasite resistance in a fluctuating environment; however, confirmation of this finding requires further study.     

西瓜未成熟胚高效再生体系的建立

为了建立西瓜高效遗传转化的再生体系,以西瓜杂交品种‘秀玲’、自交系‘97103’和野生种质‘PI296341’的未成熟胚为外植体,分析了基因型、未成熟胚发育时间和植物生长调节剂等因素对体外再生率的影响,获得了西瓜离体培养再生植株。结果表明,以授粉后24 d的西瓜未成熟胚为外植体,在MS+SH维生素+6-BA2.2 mg·L-1培养基上,‘秀玲’、‘97103’和‘PI296341’的未成熟胚外植体能够诱导出不定芽,不定芽诱导率为87.78%、82.78%和86.11%,不定芽在MS+SH维生素+6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1+IAA 0.02 mg·L-1培养基上伸长、展叶,在MS+IBA 1.0mg·L-1的培养基上诱导生根得到完整的再生植株。以未成熟胚为外植体获得再生植株的途径,可为西瓜遗传转化提供有效的受体系统。     

不同根构型玉米的根系形态及其对密度的响应

在两种种植密度下对8个测交种的根系形态及在0～60 cm土壤剖面的分布进行测定。结果表明,根长、根干重和根拔拉力均具有显著的基因型差异,其中,L105和L109属于大根系基因型;L172和L224属于小根系基因型。L132、L160、L224对密度的反应较为敏感,L219对密度的反应较为迟钝。在增加种植密度后,各基因型根系均有纵向延伸的特征,不同基因型根长和根干重在不同土壤层次间分布比例差异较大,且其对密度的反应仅表现在特定的土层内。