浙江不同稻区耳叶水苋对苄嘧磺隆的抗性比较

采用琼脂法测定了长江三角洲地区宁绍平原和杭嘉湖平原5个稻区(宁波、绍兴、杭州、嘉兴和湖州)稻田耳叶水苋Ammannia arenaria不同生物型对苄嘧磺隆的抗性水平。结果表明,所采集的88种耳叶水苋生物型中,有96.6%已对苄嘧磺隆产生了抗性,其中,低抗(3RI≤10)、中抗(10RI≤50)和高抗(RI>50)的生物型分别占总数的22.7%、53.4%和20.5%。宁波NB0143-01和绍兴SX077生物型对苄嘧磺隆的RI值分别高达124.4和120.4。5个稻区中,绍兴地区耳叶水苋的抗性水平最高,平均RI值为53.1;宁波次之,平均RI值为35.1;湖州、杭州和嘉兴地区的抗性水平相对较低,平均RI值分别为24.1、19.9和18.7。表明稻田耳叶水苋对苄嘧磺隆的抗性程度较高,且在宁绍平原和杭嘉湖平原稻区已普遍出现抗性。其中在宁绍平原苄嘧磺隆对耳叶水苋的选择压较大,长期连续用药可能是该地区抗性水平高于其他区域的重要原因。这是有关耳叶水苋对苄嘧磺隆抗性种群分布的首次报道。     

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂毒性与安全评价研究

通过接触法和摄入法测定了毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性。结果表明，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的接触毒性(24h LD50)分别为0．1634μg／蜂和0．0501μg／蜂，胃毒毒性(24h LE50)分别为0．6406mg／L和7．8261mg／L。根据Atkins毒性等级划分标准，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性均为高毒，应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

The role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in alleviating pine decline in semiarid sandy soil of northern China: an experimental approach

The decline of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) trees on sandy land in northern China has caused serious ecological concerns. Mongolian pine is an ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECM)-dependent species. Three ECM species (Boletus sp., Lactarius deliciosus and L.sp.) were collected from Mongolian pine plantation stands to test their beneficial effects on Mongolian pine seedlings and their responses to environmental factors such as pH, drought stress and temperature. The results indicated that ECM inoculation significantly increased the rate of ECM colonization and the length of seedling shoots. The three ECM could grow in a pH range from 4 to 7, but did not grow under heavy drought stress (?1.53 MPa). High temperatures (over 37 °C) caused death of ECM. When related to soil pH, soil water content and temperature in the Mongolian pine plantations, water conditions and temperature were unfavorable for ECM growth in surface soil, but suitable in deeper soil. Therefore, it was concluded that the failure of natural regeneration in Mongolian pine plantations might be influenced by the lack of ECM in the surface soil because of high temperatures causing ECM death. Moreover, the majority of the root area is distributed in deeper soil, which alleviates the stresses on ECM development and arrests pine decline; this is beneficial for tree growth.     

太阳能在智能生态农业中的应用

针对太阳能养殖、太阳能干燥、薄膜太阳能农业大棚、太阳能灌溉及太阳能杀虫灯等5个太阳能的利用技术进行了论述,并将太阳能技术与传统技术进行了比较,分析了各项技术的优缺点,探索了太阳能在农业生产方面进行利用的前景.     

Analysis on the effect of runoff retention and pollution load control for two vegetation roofs during rainfall events

In order to understand the effect of runoff retention and pollution load control for vegetation roofs during rainfall events, the evaluation criterion of vegetation roof performance is redefined and two vegetation roofs are established artificially based on the code for the design of roof greening, which is investigated during rainfall events. Results show that ophiopogon japonicus roof can delay the production of runoff by 25〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗48 min compared to the rain occurring and retention runoff volume by 40%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗58%, while sambucus dhinensis roof can make the generation of runoff 60〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗130 min later than the rain beginning and runoff volume retention can be as high as 54%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗80%. In addition to PO 3-4 P, the reduction of pollution load of NO -2 N, NH3 N, TP, COD, TN and NO -3 N by both vegetation roofs can reach 95.1%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗98.6%, 87.2%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗93%, 72.4%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗83%, 76%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗81.8%, 68.7%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗78.4% and 40.9%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗60.6% respectively. The level of pH, COD, NH3 N and TP in vegetation roofs runoff can meet class Ⅲ surface water standard. Meanwhile, both vegetation roofs have similar effect in neutralization acid deposition (i.e., from 5.8〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗6.0 (in rain water) to 7.0〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗7.6 (in eco roof runoff water)). Plants grown on vegetation roofs can influence the performance of vegetation roofs. Based on the results, ophiopogon japonicus has an advantage of sambucus chinensis in controlling phosphorus pollution, while sambucus chinensis manifests better in reducing nitrogen load. Vegetation roofs are becoming an important urban landscape more and more, and study results in this paper provide references for the improvement of vegetation roofs construction and more reasonable evaluation of their running performance.     

2008年浙江余姚棉花品种比较试验

因近几年来流入浙江余姚市的棉花品种较多,为寻找适合余姚棉区更好的主栽品种,2008年引进各地优势品种共7个,进行比较试验。     

理论灌输模式的建构

运用模式方法研究高校思想政治教育是当前教育研究的崭新领域,对于提高高校思想政治教育的实效性具有重要意义.理论灌输模式作为高校思想政治教育模式的一种,包括教育者、受教育者、教育内容、教育手段四个要素和激发动机、理论传授、理论学习、检查巩固、实践运用、总结评价等操作环节,它主要应用于高校思想政治理论课模式、通识教育模式、政治理论学习模式和个别辅导模式等.     

Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration,endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize

Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi-arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought-tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth-leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha⁻¹) and N3 (N300 kg N ha⁻¹) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi-arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100-grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.     

Forest biomass and root–shoot allocation in northeast China

Temperate and boreal forests act as major sinks for atmospheric CO₂. To assess the magnitude and distribution of the sinks more precisely, an accurate estimation of forest biomass is required. However, the determinants of large-scale biomass pattern (especially root biomass) are still poorly understood for these forests in China. In this study, we used 515 field measurements of biomass across the northeast part of China, to examine factors affecting large-scale biomass pattern and root–shoot biomass allocation. Our results showed that, Picea & Abies forest and coniferous & broadleaf mixed forest had the highest mean biomass (178–202 Mg/ha), while Pinus sylvestris forest the lowest (78 Mg/ha). The root:shoot (R/S) biomass ratio ranged between 0.09 and 0.67 in northeast China, with an average of 0.27. Forest origin (primary/secondary/planted forest) explained 31–37% of variation in biomass (total, shoot and root), while climate explained only 8–15%, reflecting the strong effect of disturbance on forest biomass. Compared with shoot biomass, root biomass was less limited by precipitation as a result of biomass allocation change. R/S ratio was negatively related to water availability, shoot biomass, stand age, height and volume, suggesting significant effects of climate and ontogeny on biomass allocation. Root–shoot biomass relationships also differed significantly between natural and planted forests, and between broadleaf and coniferous forests. Shoot biomass, climate and forest origin were the most important predictors for root biomass, and together explained 83% of the variation. This model provided a better way for estimating root biomass than the R/S ratio method, which predicted root biomass with a R² of 0.71.