福建地区葡萄自然发酵过程中酵母菌的组成及差异分析

【目的】对福建地区葡萄自然发酵酵母菌组成的差异进行分析,明确福建主要酵母菌种类,为酿制具有南方地域特色的葡萄酒提供优良菌株。【方法】采集夏黑、刺葡萄和玫瑰香葡萄自然发酵不同阶段[发酵前期（7 d）、中期（15 d）和后期（25 d）]的发酵液进行酵母菌分离,采用WL培养基进行酵母菌表型性状鉴别,挑取代表性菌株进行DNA提取及26S rDNA D1/D2鉴定,分析不同发酵阶段酵母菌的组成差异。通过测定相同发酵条件下的酒精度、总糖、还原糖和总酸含量,对酿酒酵母的酿酒性能进行初步分析。【结果】不同品种葡萄自然发酵的发酵液中共分离获得114株菌株,根据其表型鉴定为18个不同的表型类群。进一步通过酵母菌的26S r DNA D1/D2区序列测序,可将114株酵母菌菌株划分为18种,包括拜耳接合酵母（Zygosaccharomyces bailii）、双孢接合酵母（Zygosaccharomyces bisporus）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）等。不同品种葡萄发酵过程中酵母菌种类和组成具有一定的差异,其中刺葡萄A有10种、刺葡萄B有11种、夏黑A和玫瑰香均为7种、夏黑B有8种。陆生伊萨酵母（Issatchenkia terricola）出现在刺葡萄A、玫瑰香和夏黑B发酵前期,且所占比例最高,分别达100.00%、50.00%和40.00%;盔形毕赤酵母（Pichia galeiformis）是夏黑A和刺葡萄B发酵前期的优势菌;在不同品种葡萄自然发酵中期均含有泽普林假丝酵母（Candida zemplinina）和盔形毕赤酵母;刺葡萄A、刺葡萄B和夏黑B发酵后期的优势菌为盔形毕赤酵母,所占比例分别为40.00%、55.56%和71.43%;酿酒酵母在夏黑A、玫瑰香和夏黑B发酵中期开始出现,直到发酵后期,均占有较大比例,分别为66.67%、42.86%和14.29%。初步葡萄酿酒发酵表明,酿酒酵母VMH-M042的酿酒性能（酒精度12.5%、总糖含量76.0 g/L、还原糖含量40.5 g/L、总酸含量5.6%）优良。【结论】福建地区不同品种葡萄分离得到的酵母菌资源丰富,区域性差异明显,特异性资源较多,其中酿酒酵母VMH-M042在葡萄酒发酵中表现出较优良的酿酒性能,可为南方葡萄酒酿制提供丰富的菌种资源和理论依据。     

三个重要的药用作物镰刀菌病

报导了广东省３种重要药作用物：山药，玉竹，丹参烂根或死株的主要病原菌分别为：尖孢镰孢山药专化型腐皮镰孢根生专化型及腐皮镰孢深蓝变种，均为中国新报导的对生产危害大或较大的病害，其中尖孢镰孢山药专化型为国内真菌新纪录。     

消费者食品安全信息分享行为影响因素分析

研究基于ELM理论和多元有序Logit回归模型,考察消费者食品安全信息的需求偏好现状并分析其食品安全信息分享行为影响因素.结果表明,消费者主要通过社交媒体、亲友同事间耳口相传、搜索引擎或门户网站获取食安信息,对政府监管部门、消费者协会、主流新闻媒体信任程度较高,消费者性别、婚姻状况、收入水平、购买频率等个体特征显著影响...     

大肠杆菌肠毒素STI、STII、LTB融合基因植物表达载体的构建

产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)LT和ST是导致人和动物腹泻的主要病原菌。利用PCR方法分别从pGEM-5Zf( )-STI、K88ab(LT ,ST )质粒中扩增到了STI、STII基因,然后通过三引物PCR实现了STI、STII基因的融合,再与LTB基因融合,并置同一阅读框。LTB基因的5′位于STII基因的3′端,并在ST基因和LTB基因之间插入7个氨基酸的连接肽。将融合基因STI-STII-LTB构建到带有核基质结合区序列(MARs)的植物表达载体pBI121-MARs中,并通过冻融法导入根癌农杆菌EHA105。     

人工控制条件下的灰树花菌株筛选

对收集到的36个灰树花(Grifola frondosa)菌株在人工控制的环境条件下进行品比试验,为工厂化生产选择表现优良的菌株.共进行4轮筛选,从出菇正常的15个菌株中选择4个表现良好的菌株进行扩大栽培,对其稳定性进行研究.筛选出原基形成率高、抗逆性好的2个来自庆元的菌株(灰M良和灰M云)用于人工控制条件下生产.     

宁夏南部山区农民增收问题探讨

通过分析宁夏南部山区农民收入的现状以及制约农民增收的因素,提出了相应的对策思路。     

Design,Semisynthesis, Insecticidal and Antibacterial Activities of a Series of Marine-Derived Geodin Derivatives and Their Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationships

To enhance the biological activity of the natural product geodin (1), isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp., a series of new ether derivatives (2–37) was designed and semisynthesized using a high-yielding one-step reaction. In addition, the insecticidal and antibacterial activities of all geodin congeners were evaluated systematically. Most of these derivatives showed better insecticidal activities against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner than 1. In particular, 15 showed potent insecticidal activity with an IC₅₀ value of 89 μM, comparable to the positive control azadirachtin (IC₅₀ = 70 μM). Additionally, 5, 12, 13, 16, 30 and 33 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas salmonicida with MIC values in the range of 1.15–4.93 μM. The preliminary structure–activity relationships indicated that the introduction of halogenated benzyl especially fluorobenzyl, into 1 and substitution of 4-OH could be key factors in increasing the insecticidal and antibacterial activities of geodin.     

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions (ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention) of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.