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111.
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Toxicological effects and recovery of the corneal epithelium in Cyprinus carpio communis Linn. exposed to monocrotophos: an scanning electron microscope study 下载免费PDF全文
Ravneet Kaur Uppal Mohinder Singh Johal Madan Lal Sharma 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(3):214-220
This study was conducted based on the evidence of fish habitats in North India being affected by organophosphate pesticides draining from agricultural fields into bodies of water, especially during the rainy season. Various tissues of fish such as scales, gills ovaries, kidney, and liver have been studied from the toxicological point of view, but the toxicological effects of aquatic pollutants on fish cornea have not been investigated to date. We conducted comparative toxicological studies on the cornea of Cyprinus carpio communis using two sublethal (0.038 and 0.126 ppm) concentrations of monocrotophos pesticide for 30 days. Corneas from all the groups were evaluated by a scanning electron microscope. The fish exposed to the monocrotophos pesticide developed corneal necrosis due to the formation of crystalloid‐like structures, thinning and shrinkage of microridges on the corneal epithelium. After 30 days, fish from the monocrotophos‐treated tank were transferred to normal environmental conditions. After 60 days under natural condition, epithelial cells did not fully recover. In conclusion, exposure to monocrotophos induces irreversible changes in the cornea of C. carpio communis. As fish and mammalian visual systems share many similarities, the reported finding may offer useful insights for further toxicological and ophthalmological studies in humans. 相似文献
113.
Santosh Kumar Subodh Kumar Vijay Kumar Kaushal K. Singh Birendra K. Roy 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):887-893
The present experiment was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in six healthy cross bred female cow calves (4 to 6 months age) weighing between 40 to 80 kg. Plasma from blood was separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm. Quantitative estimation of levofloxacin was done by UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 286 nm. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cpmax ) of levofloxacin in febrile calves (5.28?±?0.32 µg/ml) did not differ significantly as compared with healthy calves (4.50?±?0.22 µg/ml) after single dose (20 mg/kg) oral administration. The mean therapeutic plasma concentration ( Cpther ) of levofloxacin was maintained for longer period in febrile calves (10 h) as compared to healthy calves ( 8 h). The mean maximum urine concentration (Cumax) in febrile (40.86?±?2.19 µg/ml) also did not differ significantly as compared with healthy calves (39.38?±?2.43 µg/ml). No significant difference in various pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma was observed in healthy calves ( β?=?0.23?±?0.01/h ; t1/2 β?=?3.00?±?0.17 h and MRT?=?4.66?±?0.14 h ) and febrile calves ( β?=?0.23?±?0.01/ h; t1/2 β?=?3.05?±?0.16 h and MRT?=?5.04?±?0.14 h ) . The mean value of β, and t ½ β calculated in urine also did not differ between healthy and febrile calves. However, the value of MRT(3.79?±?0.07 h) and ClB(1.65?±?0.09 ml/kg/min) calculated in urine of febrile calves significantly(p?0.05) differ to healthy calves(MRT?=?3.15?±?0.03 h;ClB?=?2.09?±?0.13 ml/kg/min). Based on kinetic profile levofloxacin may be given orally at the dose rate of 1.49 mg/kg B.W.at 8 h intervals in febrile calves. 相似文献
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115.
Seven sterols and triterpenoids have been isolated from H. ellipticum and tested for their antimicrobial activity. 相似文献
116.
Tea (Camellia sinensis) clones with shorter periods of winter dormancy exhibit lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a perennial crop grown throughout the world. During winter, tea undergoes a dormancy period when growth of apical buds almost ceases, severely reducing the commercial yield of tea. Low temperatures prevail during the period of winter dormancy, which alone or in combination with high solar irradiance have the potential to induce oxidative stress in plants. We studied six tea clones under field conditions to test whether a relationship exists between oxidative stress and winter dormancy. Data on the behavior of the enzymatic antioxidative system was collected for all clones during different phases of winter dormancy. There was a strong positive correlation among clones between accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the length of the dormancy period. Clones having shorter dormancy periods exhibited higher induction of antioxidative enzymes. Results suggest that efficient scavenging of ROS is a desirable feature in tea because it leads to lower accumulations of ROS during winter months and is associated with reduced winter dormancy. 相似文献
117.
Paddy and Water Environment - The paddy straw was collected in the form of bales with three mechanical process CI (stubble shaver + rectangular baler), CII (stubble... 相似文献
118.
Anjana Srivastava Kailash Singh Rawat Santosh Chandra Bhatt Deepa Rawat Prakash Chandra Srivastava 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(17):1961-1966
The aim of the study was to evaluate the degradation and persistence of 2-amino 4-chloro 6-methyl pyrimidine (AM), nitrification inhibitor at 1 and 2 µg g?1 application rates in soil. The extraction of AM was done by QuEChER’s (Quick, Easy. Cheap. Rugged and Safe) method and the quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AM decreased with time at both the levels of application with the decline being faster in the beginning up to 7 d. Dissipation of AM occurred in a single phase with the persistence data fitting well to the first-order kinetics. Half-lives of AM were determined to be 14.33 and 16.7 d at 1 and 2 µg g–1 levels application rates. Since AM remains effective for an adequate period of time, it can be used for increasing efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers in rice–wheat cropping systems as well as a safeguard for controlling environmental pollution in subtropical soils. 相似文献
119.
Effect of Temperature on Bio-Kinetic Coefficients in UASB Treatment of Municipal Wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)reactors were used to treat municipal wastewater attemperatures of 6, 11, 15, 20 and 32 °C and athydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 48 to 3 h overan operational period of approximately 860 days. The Monodmodel was used to evaluate substrate utilization. TheArrhenius model was used to calculate the activationenergies from which temperature coefficients weredetermined. It was found that the maximum specific substrateutilization rate constant (k) decreased from 0.387 d-1(at 32 °C) to 0.041 d-1 (at 6 °C). Thedecay rate constant (kd), yield coefficient (Yg),half velocity constant (Ks) and maximum specific growthrate (μm ) were also impacted by temperature in theUASB treatment of municipal wastewater. 相似文献
120.
Influence of orthopedic reinforced gloves versus double standard gloves on contamination events during small animal orthopedic surgery 下载免费PDF全文