2006年特大干旱中森林植被对农作物的防护作用

2006年四川发生了百年一遇的特大干旱。按照自然地理条件相近、森林覆盖率有较大差异的原则;同时,在同一行政区内按森林覆盖率的高低分成对照组。在县层面上,共3对对比县,在乡层面上共7对对比乡。对比县中,森林覆盖率高的一组森森覆盖率为34.20%～52.29%,平均为43.16%,森林覆盖率低的一组为16.60%～27.28%,平均为20.84%;对比乡镇中,森林覆盖率高的一组森林覆盖率为28.50%～56.23%,平均为41.29%,森林覆盖率低的一组为10.70%～19.12%,平均为14.61%。在干旱后期,调查了四川盆地丘陵区9个县14个乡镇主要农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)的受灾率、成灾率和绝收率。调研结果表明,森林对农业的旱情具有一定的缓解作用。在县层次上,与森林覆盖率低的相比,森林覆盖率高的主要农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)的平均受灾率、成灾率、绝收率分别降低16.6%、16.2%、4.0%;在乡镇层次上,与森林覆盖率低的相比,森林覆盖率高的主要农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)的平均受灾率、成灾率、绝收率分别降低20.3%、19.7%、12.7%;与无农田防护林网相比,有农田防护林网的水稻平均受灾率、成灾率分别降低5.8%、22.8%,没有绝收现象,而无防护林的水稻平均绝收率为6.5%。     

干旱胁迫对白桦实生幼苗叶片蛋白质的影响

The studies on leave protein of Betula platyphylla seedlings by the methods of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and dimensional gel electrophoresis was concerned. The result indicated that some new proteins such as 29kD pI4.3, 29kD pI4.2, 14kD pI5.3 and 11.5kD pI5.16 protein point were induced by soil drought stress, and some protein disappeared,for instance four protein between 12.4 - 11.5kD pI5.8 - 6.44 in seedlings leaves of B. platyphylla during soil drought stress.     

油橄榄中试园主栽品种佛奥及其授粉品种选配的研究

1980—1987年在湖北省武昌、宜昌、巴东和陕西省城固等地的8个县(市)进行了油橄榄丰产栽培中间试验,总面积约133.3ha。结果表明,佛奥品种在各主要中试点生长发育良好,生态适应性强,花型优越(完全花百分率高达80—95％),具有一定的自交结果能力(自交座果率1.96—2.40％),果实品质好(果肉率79.0—79.2％),含油率高(干果44.08％,干果肉71.5—73.9％),早实丰产,适合作为主栽品种。城固32、莱星同佛奥品种花期一致,授粉可配性高(正、反交座果率分别为7.13—9.35％、10.64—11.25％),作为授粉品种和佛奥搭配种植可增加油撖榄园的产量。     

Biomass and net productivity for spruce plantation

SiteandmethodThesiteislocatedintheSuiIingDistrictofHeiIong-jiangProvincefromN47"26'toN48"o6',E127"37'toE128"28'.TheaveragesIopeis15".Themeanelevationis349m.ThemeanannuaItem-peratureis-o.4t.TheaccumuIatedtemperatureof31ooCis1986C-Theamountofprecipitationisfrom6ooto8oomm.Thefrost-freeseasonisabout13od.ThemainsoilisdarkbrownsoiI.The17plots(o.o4hm')fordifferentages,differ-entsitesweremeasured.OnesampletreewasseIectedineverypIot,ThefalIenstemanalysistreesweredividedwithonemeterortwometer…     

云南省黄胸木蠹蛾的危险性评估

黄胸木蠹蛾是多种阔叶树种的重要蛀干害虫。为正确认识云南省黄胸木蠹蛾对林木所造成危害的危险性,加强管理,有效地控制该虫的危害和防止其进一步扩散蔓延,采用有害生物危险性分析(Pest R isk Analysis)的方法,对黄胸木蠹蛾在云南省的危险性进行了系统的定性与定量分析。通过综合评估,认为黄胸木蠹蛾在云南省属于中度危险性的森林有害生物。     

北美兰云杉全光喷雾下扦插影响因子研究

试验通过采用5因素4水平正交试验法,选出了适合北美兰云杉嫩枝扦插的最佳处理组合:草炭 珍珠岩基质 100 mg/L自配生根剂 2 a母树穗条。通过方差分析发现穗条母树年龄、基质种类对扦插生根率有显著影响,其中穗条母树年龄为2 a时,平均生根率达到了77.5%。基质种类对生根的影响是通过基质质地、通透性、保水力、地温、肥力等多因素共同作用的。综合看,草炭 珍珠岩基质是北美兰云杉扦插最为理想的基质,河沙基质最差。     

乌桕优良无性系评选及可配性研究

对收集的２０个乌桕无性系的生物学特性，主要经济性状进行了观测和比较，经多年测产，评选出８个高产无性系，并进行了可配性试验，用无性系造林，宜选择葡萄桕（类型）混合种植。     

二乔木兰花粉萌发特性及其保存方法的研究

通过使用不同的培养基,采用液体培养法研究了蔗糖、硼酸和钙离子对二乔木兰花粉萌发的影响。将所用花粉分为两组,组1于8:00采集,组2于16:00采集,结果表明:一定浓度的蔗糖、硼酸和钙离子对花粉的萌发有较大的促进作用,但超过一定浓度时则起抑制作用,二乔木兰花粉萌发的最适培养基为30 g·L~-1蔗糖 100mg·L~-1硼酸 500 mg·L~-1Ca~2 ,在该培养基内,组1花粉的萌发率为46．21%±1．86%,花粉管长度为1156．25Um;组2花粉的萌发率仅为14．22%±1．86%,花粉管长度为1022um。此外,在其离体萌发过程中,二乔木兰花粉存在花粉管双萌发的现象。用不同的花粉保存方法保存二乔木兰花粉后,发现干燥处理后于-18℃下保存的花粉活性最高,30d后仍有6．92%±0．75%的萌发率,而于常温25℃下保存的花粉10d后就基本失活,说明低温干燥保存是保存二乔木兰花粉活性的有效途径。     

枣授粉受精及胚胎发育研究

The processes about pollination, fertilization and embryo development of Chinese Date ‘Wu-he-zao‘ (ziziphus jujuba) were observed by means of lightmicrocope combining histochemical dyeing and fluorescent technique. The results were summarized as follows:The pollen grains germinated on the stigma at the 4th hour after pollination. On the 5th day after pollination,the primary endosperm nucleus formed, and the zygote formed on the 6th day. The double fertilization of Wu-he-zao was the type premitotic syngamy. The first division of the zygote took place after a dormancy for about 6 - 7 days. The proembryonal development of Wu-he-zao belonged to the Solanad type. The development of the endosperm belonged to the nuclear type.     

Cutting technic forPinus elliottii plantation of the multi-benefit management pattern

The cutting technic for thePinus elliottii plantation of the multi-benefit management pattern in the hilly region of Jiangxi Province was studied by establishing the model of growth progress according to Richards function and simulating the tending cutting on computer by use of dynamic programming. The results showed that the best time for the initial thinning was at tree age of 8–10 and final cutting was at tree age of 25. The optimal thinning project was 3 times of thinning cutting including the first thinning, and the thinning time was at tree ages of 8, 12 and 16, respectively. Their thinning intensities were separately 950, 700 and 300 trunks per hectare, and the preserved density was 550 trunks per hectare until the final cutting Foundation item: This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (A grant 0330023) Biography: WANG Qing-chun (1970-), male, Ph. Doctor, Senior Engineer in Academy of Forest Inventory & Planning, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330046, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan