水稻持久抗瘟性研究

以病区时空动态效应强度检验为核心,以纬度病圃、抗谱测定和抗性信息流的追踪考证作为持久抗瘟性鉴定评价方法的基础。经综合评价,认为特特勃(Tetep)、小粒野生稻Oryzaminuta J.S.Presl ex C.B.Presl、湘资3150、天津野生稻、谷梅二号、魔王谷等具有持久抗瘟性,可作抗源用,其中小粒野生稻兼具持久抗褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St(?)l性能;提出了持久抗瘟性鉴定的原则和方法。对持久抗瘟性的时空动态特性、广谱抗性与持久抗性的关系等进行了讨论。     

奶牛酒精阳性乳与自由基代谢及乳腺损伤关系的研究

对酒精阳性乳患牛衄清与乳清中的抗氧化指标进行了检测，从自由基代谢与损伤的角度探讨了酒精阳性乳的发病机理；同时检测了阳性牛血清与全乳中微量元素Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe的含量，分析了微量元素含量变化与自由基代谢的关系。试验结果显示阳性牛体内发生了过度的过氧化反应，机体总抗氧化能力下降，机体的扰氧化系统已不能有效地清除活性氧及代谢产物，过多的氧自由基可能对乳腺上皮分泌细胞细胞膜造成微损伤，从而引起乳腺细胞分泌异常乳。     

Characterization of polymorphisms of transferrin receptor and their association with susceptibility to ETEC F4ab/ac in pigs

Diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing F4 (F4ab, F4ac and F4ad) fimbriae is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn and weaned pigs. The locus controlling susceptibility towards ETEC F4ab/ac has been mapped to SSC13q41, in which TFRC (transferrin receptor) was localized and considered as a positional candidate gene for ETEC F4ab/ac receptor. In this study, we determined susceptibility/resistance to ETEC F4ab/ac in a total of 755 F2 animals from a White Duroc x Erhualian intercross using a microscopic enterocyte adhesion assay. We identified two TFRC polymorphisms (SNPs 591 A>G and 632 A>G) in a single exon after comparative sequencing analysis of 2371-bp amplicons containing the complete coding region of TFRC using RNA of eight full-sib F2 animals with susceptible and resistant phenotypes. The intron sequences flanking the two exon polymorphisms were obtained, revealing an intron polymorphism (SNP 291 C>T). We genotyped the 19 founder animals of the White Duroc x Erhualian intercross for the identified polymorphisms, showing that only the 291 C>T polymorphism is a highly informative marker. We further genotyped all 59 F1 and 755 F2 animals for the 291 C>T polymorphism, and the association of this polymorphism with susceptibility/resistance to ETEC F4ab/ac in these F2 animals was evaluated by the transmission disequilibrium test. The result showed that the 291 C>T polymorphism is not a causal mutation, however, has a significant linkage disequilibrium with the ETEC F4ab/ac, especially F4ac receptor locus.     

牛、羊卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究

本试验主要比较了离子霉素、电脉冲两种方法激活牛、羊体外成熟卵母细胞的效率。两种激活方法中。牛胚胎卵裂率无显著差异（90．61％对94．40％，P〉0．05），而离子霉素激活胚胎的囊胚发育率极显著高于电激活方法（12．3％对2．4％，P〈0．01）。两种方法对羊胚胎的研究中，羊胚胎卵裂率无显著差异（72．4％对77．4％，P〉0．05）。但是离子霉素激活胚胎的囊胚发育率显著高于电激活方法（3．67％对10．40％，P〈0．05）。本试验中还比较了用化学激活法（离子霉素）激活牛体外成熟卵母细胞后，用SOFaa体系培养，换液与不换液对孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明：在第4天不换液的胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率极显著高于换液的胚胎（11．64％对3．49％。P〈0．01）。     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.     

黑龙江省的蝮蛇资源及保护现状

通过2001～2005年对黑龙江省蝮蛇资源进行调查研究，确定黑龙江省的蝮蛇为乌苏里蝮（Gloydiusussuriensis）、岩栖蝮（G．saxatilis）和中介蝮（G．intermedius）三种，主要分布在大、小兴安岭及东部山地。其中乌苏里蝮为广布种，种群数量居多；岩栖蝮主要分布在黑龙江省南部，数量较多；中介蝮主要分布在黑龙江省北部，种群数量较少，且与岩栖蝮存在地理隔离。同时对黑龙江省蝮蛇的保护现状和影响种群增长的因素进行分析，提出种群管理和合理利用的意见。     

黑皮冬瓜品质综合评价方法的探讨

以24个不同来源、不同类型的黑皮冬瓜为试材,采用数据归一化法进行黑皮冬瓜品质综合评价体系研究。通过对可溶性固形物含量、总酸度、肉质致密性、含水量等营养品质性状以及皮色、瓜形等商品品质性状进行分析,结果表明：肉质致密性以及糖酸比等性状是衡量黑皮冬瓜品质优劣的主要指标,结合当前生产和消费的评价标准,制定了一套综合评价黑皮冬瓜品质的方法。     

影响石榴坐果的几个因素

石榴树花量大，花期长，但一般情况下坐果率比较低，影响产量和效益。为提高石榴坐果率，达到丰产稳产的目的，我们于2002-2004年在峄城区棠阴乡小庄子村石榴丰产园就影响石榴坐果的几个关键因素进行了调查研究。现将调查研究结果报告如下。     

Mechanism of therapeutic effect of QingKaiLing-ingredient combination on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM:To elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of QingKaiLing (QKL)-ingredient combination on cerebral ischemia. METHODS:Rat focal brain ischemia reperfusion injury was produced by occlusion in the middle cerebral artery. MRI and histological analysis were used to evaluate the brain injury induced by ischemia and the attenuations by the drugs including QKL-ingredient combination and the positive control nimodipine. In situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of BDNF mRNA in the brain. RESULTS:A significant neuroprotective effect was observed in the QKL-ingredient combination treatment group, which was superior to that in the nimodipine treatment group. The expression of BDNF mRNA in the brain was also significantly up-regulated by the QKL-ingredient combination treatment in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION:The QKL ingredients show a neuro-protective effect, the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF in the brain.