Allelic Variation of Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 in Chinese Released Wheat Varieties in the Last 50 Years

The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) components from about 85 varieties were fractionated by SDS-PAGE, including 22 corner stone breeding parents, 45 varieties taking important role in Chinese wheat production and 18 varieties with good bread making quality. The 22 corner stone breeding lines carry either null (c) or 1 (a) subunits on Glu-A1 loci. Five types are detected on Glu-B1, which are 7+8(b), 7+9 (c), 14+15 (h), 17+18 (i), 6+8 (d). 7+8 and 7+9 are the two major types. Six types have been detected on Glu-D1, which are 2 + 12 (a), 2 + 10 (e), 5 + 10 (d), 4+ 10 (j), 4 + 12 (c), 2 + 11 (g). 2 + 12 and 2 + 11 are the two major types. In the corner stone breeding lines, early premium from American carries 5 + 10, St2422/464 from Italy carries the 14 + 15. In addition, two relatively essential varieties, Mara and Alondra carry 5 + 10. In the 45 commercialized varieties, sowed more than 666 000 ha (10 million mu) annually, only Yangmai 5 conveys the 5 + 10 on Glu-D1, and Xiaoyan 6 and Yumai 7 carry the 14 + 15 on Glu-B1. Four varieties, Funo, Nongda 139, Zhengzhou 683 and Fan 6 convey the 17 + 18 on Glu-B1. The 18 bread wheat varieties recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1992 could be classified into two groups, 5 + 10 and 14 + 15. Zhongzuo 8131 and its selections are the typical genotype of 5 + 10. Genes coding the two subunits are from either Yecora F-70 or IRN68-181. Xiaoyan 6 and its derivative varieties are the typical genotype of 14 + 15. The genes coding 17 + 18 subunits in Chinese varieties were derived from Funo or its selections. These results basically reflect allelic changes on Glu-1 in Chinese wheatvarieties in the past 50 years. It is also proven that HMW-GS components may have great diversity betweenlines from the same cross, which causes great difference on baking quality.     

北京地区高产小麦冠层形成和结构及其生理基础的研究

 1980-1989年，以改善北京地区高产小麦产量潜力为目标，对冠层形成和结构以及与高产有关的几个生理问题进行了系统研究。首先确定了选用中间类型叶型的品种、在20cm行距和基本苗15-20万/亩对产量最有利的基础上，提出了一整套包括形态和生理在内的冠层性状指标，为亩产450kg水平的小麦确定了一个框架结构和形成模式。还研究了叶面积指数变化与光透射、生育阶段持续期与粒数和粒重、育性与脱落酸水平变化等之间的关系，高温和水分胁迫的影响，以及不同衰老类型在衰老过程中的形态和生理变化。为制定育种目标和方案、高产栽培措施，提供了生理方面的依据。最后对北京地区高产小麦品种的叶型和株型、粒数和粒重、源和库在决定产量上的相对重要性等问题进行了讨论。本研究在生理与育种、栽培等学科结合的研究上取得了有益的进展。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定胡萝卜汁中的α,β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素

使用石油醚∶丙酮=1∶1(v∶v)提取胡萝卜中的类胡萝卜素,用反相高效液相色谱测定成熟期的α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素。流动相为甲醇∶乙腈=90∶10(v∶v),流速为0.8ml/min,450nm检测波长下进行检测,α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素的回收率依次为:98.8%、99.3%、99.0%。成熟期胡萝卜中检测到α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素的含量分别为:190.573μg/g、308.930μg/g、0.325μg/g。     

猪瘟病毒Shimen株p80基因的克隆及其真核表达质粒的构建

根据已发表的猪瘟病毒(classicalswinefevervirus,CSFV)Alfort株和Brescia株的全基因组序列,设计2对引物P1/P2和B1/B2,在B1和B2的5''端分别加上XhoI和ApaI位点,以CSFVShimen株细胞毒为材料一步法提取总RNA,并以此为模板采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)和套式PCR(nPCR),成功地扩增到约2.0kb的片段,将此PCR产物回收后与pMD18-T连接、转化,获得重组质粒,经PCR扩增,限制性酶切(BamhI/HindШ)和序列部分测定鉴定为阳性重组质粒P80-T。将P80-T分别经XhoI和ApaI酶切消化、回收后,与经XhoI/ApaI酶解的真核表达载体PEGPF-C1连接、转化,获得重组质粒,经PCR,XhoI和ApaI限制性酶切和序列测定鉴定为真核表达质粒P80-P,目的基因的插入位置、方向和读码框完全正确。为下一步在哺乳动物细胞中表达猪瘟病毒p80蛋白奠定了基础。     

镉-菲复合污染对蚯蚓急性毒性效应的研究

采用人工土壤法,研究重金属镉、多环芳烃菲对安德爱胜蚓(Eisenia andrei)的单一与复合急性毒性效应。单一毒性试验结果表明,菲的毒性大于镉毒性;14 d时镉、菲的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为788.71 mg.kg-1、42.51 mg.kg-1。复合毒性试验结果表明,镉在各浓度下与菲复合,对蚯蚓的毒性都产生拮抗作用,且随镉浓度升高其降低菲毒性的程度降低,说明复合污染物的组成及各污染物的不同浓度组合是决定混合物毒性的重要因素。     

特定电磁波对激发产后奶牛发情、配种效果及有关性腺激素变化的观察

 特定电磁波（TDP）辐射器，通过电热激发，可产生2-25μm红外光谱，其峰值为9μm，具有对生物体有益的特异生物效应，目前在中国已广泛地应用。奶牛产后乏情达3个月以上且无卵泡发育者，用特定电磁波（TDP）居髎穴区照射，照射组（30头）在照射的21天内16头发情，对照组（30头）在此期间仅1头发情，两者比较，差异极显著；经3个情期配种，照射组16头发情牛中15头妊娠（第一情期配种8头妊娠），对照组1头发情牛经3个情期配种没有妊娠，两者比较，差异极显著。用放射免疫方法测定经照射发情16头奶样中雌二醇（E#-2）和孕酮（P#-4）含量变化曲线与正常发情牛周期中两种性腺激素含量变化规律一致，对照组牛奶样中雌二醇（E#-2）和孕酮（P#-4）没有规律性变化。     

晋南日光温室土壤微生物及土壤酶活性变化规律研究

笔者通过对晋南地区日光温室土壤微生物状况和土壤酶活性进行分析研究,结果显示:晋南地区日光温室土壤微生物总量由南往北呈增加趋势,显现出明显的地域性变化规律;随着种植年限的延长,土壤微生物总量和脲酶活性增加,过氧化氢酶活性保持相对稳定水平;土壤有机质含量和土壤微生物总量呈明显正相关,但生物总量的增加量远大于有机质的增加量,这可能是温室土壤有机质水平较低的原因之一。     

一种计算近交系数方法的算法实现

近交有其特殊的用途，畜牧学上常采用近交系数来表示近交程度。本研究用算法语言描述阿部西田细分系谱计算近交系数。     

牛体外受精卵5～10细胞期单一卵裂球染色体诊断

利用单一卵裂球的染色体诊断牛体外受精5－～10－细胞期胚胎的正常性。牛体外受精后5－～10-细胞期的胚胎用0．5％链霉蛋白酶处理分离单一卵裂球，然后用100ng/ml长春花碱处理10h，制作染色体标本。检查33枚不同发育期胚胎及卵裂球185个，有43．8％的可进行染色体分析（81／185）。结果表明，正常2倍体的发生率为46．9％，染色体异常的卵裂球中，单倍体的发生率为50．6％，显著高于多倍体（2．5％）的发生率（P＜0．001）。单倍体中含有X－性染色体和含有Y－性染色体的性比基本相同。引起单倍体发生的原因可能是由于卵母细胞的孤雌发育或受精过程中精子穿入未成熟卵后由雄性原核产生。     

Generation of self-incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana by transfer of two S locus genes from A. lyrata

Transitions from cross-fertilizing to self-fertilizing mating systems have occurred frequently in natural and domesticated plant populations, but the underlying genetic causes are unknown. We show that gene transfer of the stigma receptor kinase SRK and its pollen-borne ligand SCR from one S-locus haplotype of the self-incompatible and cross-fertilizing Arabidopsis lyrata is sufficient to impart self-incompatibility phenotype in self-fertile Arabidopsis thaliana, which lacks functional orthologs of these genes. This successful complementation demonstrates that the signaling cascade leading to inhibition of self-related pollen was maintained in A. thaliana. Analysis of self-incompatibility will be facilitated by the tools available in this species.